Benzodiazepines Flashcards
Benzodiazepine general info (3)
- Amnesia with minimal cardiorespiratory effects
- Anticonvulsant activity
- Low incidence of tolerance and dependence
Midazolam brand name
Versed
Midazolam onset and duration of action
Onset: <5 minutes
Duration: approx 1 hour
Midazolam mechanism of action
Binds to benzodiazepine receptors in the GABA neuron complex»_space; increases GABA chloride channel permeability»_space; reduced neuron excitability
When would midazolam be used in conscious sedation?
When propofol is not an option
Midazolam is often used in conjunction with _____ because ______
morphine, midazolam does not have analgesic properties
Midazolam advantages: (2)
- strong amnesia effect with very little hangover effect
2. minimal cardiorespiratory depression
Midazolam disadvantages: (2)
- can cause nausea/vomiting
2. cardiorespiratory depression is possible depending on dose and patient response
Midazolam doses: (anxiety and ICU)
0.1-0.3 mg/kg (anxiety)
20-100 mcg/kg/hr (ICU)
Diazepam brand name
Valium
Diazepam mechanism of action
Similar to midazolam, binds to benzodiazepine receptors in the GABA neuron complex»_space; increases GABA chloride channel permeability»_space; reduced neuron excitability
Diazepam indications: (2)
- Acute symptom relief in anxiety disorders
2. Treatment of alcohol withdrawal
Diazepam adverse effects
Associated with dependence
Diazepam onset and duration of action
Onset: <5 minutes
Duration: Approximately 12 hours
Diazepam potency compared to midazolam
1/2 to 1/3 potency of midazolam
Diazepam doses (anxiety, pre-op sedation, ICU sedation)
Anxiety: 2-10 mg PO
Pre-Op Sedation: 10 mg IM
ICU sedation: 0.03-0.1 mg/kg
Flumazenil mean half life
1/2 hour
Etomidate brand name
Amidate
etomidate drug class (4)
IV anesthetic, sedative, hypnotic, induction agent
Etomidate mechanism of action
Thought to depress CNS through GABA
Etomidate indications (3)
- RSI
- Head injuries
- Cardiac complications
Etomidate adverse effects and considerations (4)
- No significant CVS effects
- Decreases oxygen demand and metabolism
- No analgesic properties
- Can suppress cortisol production
Etomidate onset and duration of action
Onset: 30 seconds
Duration: 10 minutes
Etomidate induction dose
0.3-0.6 mg/kg IV
Etomidate side effects
Nausea, vomiting on emergence from anesthesia
