Benzenes Flashcards
Alcohol → Alkene
Reagents
Conditions
Type of reaction
- Conc H2SO4
- Reflux at 180°C
- Dehydration
Alkene→Alcohol
- H3PO4
- steam, 60/70 atm & 300°C
- Hydration
1° Alcohol→Aldehyde
- Acidified potassium dichromate
* Distill off as it forms
2° Alcohol→Ketone
• Acidified Potassium Dichromate
Halogenoalkane → Alcohol
- Aqueous NaOH
- Reflux
- Nucleophilic Substitution
Carboxylic Acid → Alcohol
- LiAlH4
* Dry ether
Ketone → Secondary Alcohol
- NaBH4
- Dry ether
- Secondary Alcohol
Carboxylic Acid → Alkane
- NaOH
- Heat
- Na2CO3
- Decarboxylation
Benzene → Nitrobenzene
- Conc HNO3 and Conc H2SO4
- reflux at 50°
- Nitration
Ethanoyl Chloride → Carboxylic Acid
- Water
- Room temp
- Steamy fumes of HCl
- Hydrolysis
Ethanoyl Chloride → Ester
- CH3OH
* Ester & HCl
Benzene → Methylbenzene
Reagents
Catalyst
Reaction type
- CH3Cl
- AlCl3
- Electrophilic Substitution
Structure of Benzene
∙Formula C₆H₆
• Each C is bonded to 2C’s and 1H covalently
∙Trigonal planar with bond angle of 120°
• Sideways overlap of p orbitals
∙Delocalised structure of benzene has π cloud of electrons
∙All bond lengths are the same
Benzene → Bromobenzene
Reagents
Catalyst
- Br2
* FeBr3
What type of reaction is Alcohol → Carboxylic Acid?
Oxidation
What type of reaction is Carboxylic Acid → Alcohol?
Reduction
What type of reaction is Halogenoalkane→Alcohol?
Nucleophilic substitution
What type of reaction is Alcohol→Ketone?
Oxidation
What type of reaction is Ketone→Alcohol?
Reduction
What type of reaction is Halogenoalkane→Alkene?
Elimination
What type of reaction is the Nitration of Benzene?
Electrophilic Substitution
What type of reaction is the Alkylation of Benzene? (Benzene→Methylbenzene)
Electrophilic Substitution