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Chemistry Module 6 > Benzene > Flashcards

Benzene Flashcards

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1
Q

Who came up with the original structure of benzene?

A

Kekule

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2
Q

What were the 3 problems with benzene?

A

Xrays showed bond lengths were all equal as double bonds were thought to be shorter.

Benzene didn’t decolourise bromine water which an alkene should.

Hydrogenation took less due to low bond enthalpy

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3
Q

Name some structural features of benzene

A

Planar
Trigonal planar, 120°
Aromatic
Contains pi bonds and sigma bonds
6 delocalised electrons

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4
Q

How is the delocalised model of benzene different to kekule structure?

A

Shows p orbitals on each carbon atom crossing over sideways to create a pi bond above and below the plane

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5
Q

When does the benzene ring become the substitute group?

A

When there are 7 or more carbons or a functional group

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6
Q

What is the name used when the benzene ring is substitute group?

A

Phenyl

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7
Q

Outline the mechanism for nitration

A
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8
Q

Outline the mechanism for halogenation

A
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9
Q

Outline the mechanism for alkylation

A
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10
Q

Outline the mechanism for asylation

A
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11
Q

What is the molecular formula for phenol?

A

C6H5OH

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12
Q

How is phenol a weak acid?

A

Partially dissociates to give off H+ ions

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13
Q

Give the equation for phenol Reacting with sodium hydroxide

A

C6H5OH + NAOH > C6H5O-NA+ + H+

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14
Q

Give the reaction for phenol Reacting with sodium

A

2C6H5OH + 2NA > 2C6H5O-NA+ + H2

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15
Q

What is the name of C6H5O-NA+ ?

A

Sodium phenoxide

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16
Q

Why is phenol more reactive than benzene?

A

A lone pair of electrons from the oxygen moves into the ring making ut more negative activating ring

17
Q

Outline the mechanism for the relation of phenol and bromine and what would you observe?

A

C6H5OH + Br3 > C6H2OHBR3 + 3HBr

White precipitate forming

18
Q

Outline the mechanism for nitration of phenol

A

C6H5OH > C6H4OHNO2

Nitrate group on either carbon 2 or 4

Nitric acid with water at 25°c

19
Q

How does phenol form an electrophile?

A

Sufficiently electron dense to induce a dipole in a neighbouring molecule

Chemistry Module 6 (2 decks)

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