Benign Tumors Flashcards
What is the most common benign tumor of the nose and paranasal sinuses and is usually asymptomatic?
Osteoma
Typically how big are Osteomas?
<2cm
What syndrome may Osteomas be associated with?
Gardener’s syndrome
What syndrome has multiple osteomas, colonic polyposis, and soft tissue fibromas?
Gardener’s syndrome
What benign tumor is a cortical bone that has failed to undergo medullary resorption during the process of endochondral ossification?
Bone island (enostoma)
Where in the body are bone islands found?
Anywhere except the skull
Where in the bone are bone islands typically found?
Epiphysis, metaphysis, but not diaphysis
What is a highly vascularized fibrous connective tissue?
Nidus
What benign tumor is <1cm and contains a radiolucent nidus with surrounding reactive sclerosis with gradual severe deep aching pain (pain worse at night) relieved by Aspirin along with painful rigid scoliosis?
Osteoid Osteoma
What age group does Osteoid Osteoma typically affect?
10-25 year olds
Where are Osteoid Osteomas typically found in the body?
Tibia and femur (50%)
What is found with very high levels in Osteoid Osteoma’s lesion?
Prostaglandins
What lesion looks like Osteoid Osteoma except the nidus is >1cm?
Brodie’s Abscess
What is a safe and effective method for treatment of osteoid osteoma at any location?
Thermocoagulation
What age group does osteoblastoma typically affect?
10-20 year olds
Where is osteoblastoma typically located?
Posterior neural arch of spine
What is the geographic radiolucent, lytic expansile lesion, is painless, no appreciable calcifications, and the most common benign tumor of the hand?
Solitary enchondroma
What age group does Solitary enchondroma typically affect?
10-30 year olds
Where in the bone does solitary enchondroma affect?
Metaphysis
What is benign and forms just underneath the skin, originating from the undersurface of the skin where there may have been a cut or puncture?
Epidermal Inclusion Cyst
What is a benign vascular soft tissue tumor that functions to regulate skin circulation and is found subungually, on the finger tip pulp, on the base of the foot and the rest of body in descending order?
Glomus Tumor of Finger
Where is the most common site for a glomus tumor of the finger?
subungual
What kind of fracture can occur with a solitary enchondroma?
Pathological fracture
What disease consists of painless, multiple enchondromas?
Ollier’s disease
Where in the bone does Ollier’s disease affect?
Diaphysis and metaphysis
What should you expect if a patient has pain and rapid growth of multiple enchondromatosis?
Malignant transformation
T/F: Enchondromas are metabolically active and may continue to grow and evolve throughout the patient’s
lifetime?
True
What syndrome is Enchondromatosis of bone and soft tissue cavernous hemangiomas?
Maffucci’s syndrome
How much greater of chance does Maffucci’s syndrome have over Ollier’s disease in becoming malignant?
25%
What is a rare primary benign bone tumor of cartilage origin, is painful with swelling, has Medullary oval or round lytic lesion in epiphysis, eccentric, Marginal sclerotic rim, and Short zone of transition
Chondroblastoma
What age group does chondroblastoma typically affect?
10-25 year olds
What part of the body does chondroblastoma typically affect?
Femur, proximal tibia, proximal humerus
What part of the bone does chondroblastoma typically affect?
Epiphyseal and Apophyseal growth plate
What is a rare primary benign bone tumor of cartilage origin, is painful, is Composed of chondroid, fibrous, and myxoid tissues in varying proportions, and has Endosteal scalloping, with sclerosis along medullary side and may present as bubbly?
Chondromyxoid fibroma
What age groups does chondromyxoid fibroma typically affect?
10-30yo and 50-70yo
What part of the body does Chondromyxoid fibroma typically affect?
Proximal 1/3 of tibia
What part of the bone does chondromyxoid fibroma typically affect?
Metaphysis
What age group does a Fibrous cortical defect typically affect?
4-8 year olds
Is a fibrous cortical defect symptomatic or asymptomatic?
asymptomatic
Where on the body will you typically find a Fibrous cortical defect?
Posterior, medial surface of distal femur/lower extremity
Where on the bone will you typically find a Fibrous cortical defect?
Metaphysis
What benign tumor is asymptomatic, multi-ocular appearance, 2-7cm in length, Dense sclerotic border along medullary side, and is due to faulty ossification, and not a true neoplasm?
Non-ossifying fibroma
How large are Non-ossifying fibroma lesions?
> 8cm
What age group does Non-ossifying fibroma typically affect?
8-20 year olds
What part of the body does Non-ossifying fibromas effect?
distal tibia
What is a geographic or cystic radiolucency that is broad at metaphyseal end, and narrower at diaphyseal end, has a Truncated cone shaped appearance, with Endosteal scalloping?
Simple Bone Cyst
What age group does a simple bone cyst typically affect?
3-14 year olds
What part of the body does a simple bone cyst effect?
Proximal humerus and proximal femur
If the cyst originates in the metaphysis, what is it known as?
active cyst
If the cyst originates in the diaphysis, what is it known as?
latent cyst
Does a simple bone cyst have any matrix calcification?
No
What are the 2 key radiographic signs for simple bone cysts?
Fallen fragment sign and hinged fragment sign
What is a Cystic cavity filled with blood with Channels containing flowing blood and is accompanied by Acute pain with rapid increasing severity of pain and is the most common benign tumor of the clavicle?
Aneurysmal bone cyst
T/F: Aneurysmal bone cyst is NOT a true cyst and NOT an aneurysm
True
What age group does an Aneurysmal bone cyst affect?
5-20 year olds
What is the rarest primary benign tumor?
Intraosseous Lipoma
What is a dystrophic calcification in the intraosseous Lipoma image known as?
Cockade sign
What is Slow growing, Composed of newly formed capillary, cavernous, or venous blood vessels, asymptomatic, and is the most common benign bone tumor of spine?
Hemangioma
What age group does hemangioma’s affect?
> 40 year olds
Where in the spine are hemangiomas typically found?
Lower thoracic spine and upper lumbar
What kind of hemangiomas are the most common?
Cavernous hemangiomas
What is a significant radiographic feature of hemangiomas in the spine making the vertebral body stronger?
Curduroy cloth appearance
If there is a hemangioma in the skull, where is it typically located?
Frontal bone
What is a significant radiographic feature of hemangiomas of soft tissue?
Pleboliths
What is the most common benign skeletal growth or tumor and consists of a bony exostosis projecting from external surface of bone that have either a sessile or pedunculate appearance?
Solitary osteochondroma
Is solitary osteochondroma symptomatic or asymptomatic?
asymptomatic
What kind of bones do solitary osteochondroma affect?
long tubular bones
How big does the solitary osteochondroma lesion have to be in order to think malignant transformation in chondrosarcoma in an adult? child?
adult: >2cm
child: >3cm
T/F: If there is a break in the cortex or a growing soft tissue mass with solitary osteochondroma, it turned malignant
True
What part of the body is most commonly affected with solitary osteochondroma?
Knee
What part of the bone is most commonly affected with solitary osteochondroma?
Metaphysis
What are the large lesions of solitary osteochondroma known as?
Cauliflower Exostoses
What is known as multiple osteochondromas?
Hereditary Multiple Exostoses
What age is typically affected with HME?
2-10 year olds
T/F: HME formation is usually bilateral and symmetrical
True
What is a key clinical sign of HME and is known to have a shortening of ulna, Outward bowing of radius, and a Subluxation of radioulnar joint?
Bayonet Hand Deformity
