Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Question 1

What is the PSA?

Answer 1

Prostate specific antigen

Glycoprotein released into semen to liquify it by prostate epithelial cells

Question 2

What are normal PSA levels?

Answer 2

0-4

Question 3

What causes an increased PSA?

Answer 3

prostate enlargement/cancer
older age
infection
vigorous exercise
DRE
catheter
prostate biopsy
can just be normal

Question 4

What causes decreased PSA?

Answer 4

obesity
5ARI
Aspirin
TDZ

Question 5

What are the benefits of PSA testing?

Answer 5

early detection and treatment

Question 6

What are the cons of PSA testing?

Answer 6

false negatives
75% of false positives en up being normal biopsy
unnecessary ix and rx

Question 7

When should someone have a 2 week referral because of their PSA?

Answer 7

If they are 50-69 and it is ≥3

Question 8

What group of ppl are more affected?

Answer 8

black

Question 9

What are the management options for BPh?

Answer 9

1. watchful waiting
2. Alpha 1 antagonists, 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors
3. Surgery - turp

Question 10

What are the SEs of alpha blockerS?

Answer 10

dizziness
postural hypotension
dry mouth
depression

Question 11

How do 5 alpha reductase inhibitors work?

Answer 11

block conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone which is known to induce BPH
cause a reduction in prostate volume

Question 12

What are SEs of 5ARIs?

Answer 12

ED
reduced libido
ejaculation problems
gynaecomastia