benign mesenchymal neoplasms 1 & 2 Flashcards
a __________ is a Collagen deposition secondary to chronic trauma
Fibroma
where are fibromas usually found? what are their clinical/histological characteristics?
A) found on Buccal mucosa, tongue
B) Smooth-surfaced, dome-shaped nodule clinically
C) Dense fibrous connective tissue histopathologically
what is the most common treatment for Fibromas?
Conservative excision
“Inflammatory Fibrous Hyperplasia” is also known by what other names?
Also known as denture epulis, epulis fissuratum, or denture-induced fibrous hyperplasia
what is the major cause of Inflammatory fibrous dysplasia? what are the clinical characteristics? what treatments are available?
A) Cause = Flange of ill-fitting denture
B) clinically, they may have central fissure
C) Conservative excision; re-make denture
characteristics of Denture papillomatosis:
A) form of Inflammatory Fibrous Dysplasia
B) happens on maxillary complete denture
C) effects central region of hard palatal mucosa
D) Numerous asymptomatic RED PAPULES
what are the clinical characteristics of Pyogenic Granuloma? where can they be found?
- Rapidly growing, painless, reddish mass
- Any body surface; bleeds easily
- Gingiva, lips, tongue commonly effected
- Frequently occurs during pregnancy
what are the histological characteristics of Pyogenic Granulomas? what is the treatment protocol for them
Microscopically: granulation tissue
Excise, remove irritants; 15% recur
what are the clinical & histological findings for Peripheral giant cell granulomas?
A) Painless mass with a dusky-purple hue
B) Microscopically: granulation tissue with numerous benign multinucleated giant cells
where are Peripheral Giant Cell Granulomas found?
Found ONLY on the gingivae and alveolar process
what is the treatment protocol for peripheral giant cell granulomas?
Excise, remove irritants; 15% recur
_______________ are painless, firm, coral-colored masses found on the gingiva
Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma
what is the microscopic structure of a Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma?
cellular fibrous connective tissue with variable amounts of calcification
T/F: the treatment for Peripheral Ossifying Fibromas is the exact same as the treatment for Peripheral Giant cell Granuloma
TRUE
Excise, remove irritants; 15% recur
what is the definition of a “Lipoma”?
Benign tumor of adipose tissue
what group is at risk for Lipomas? what are the clinical characteristics?
A) Adult patients
B) Slow-growing, non-tender, soft, doughy, usually encapsulated
C) Common in head and neck; occasionally found intraorally
D) Yellow if close to the surface
what are the histopathological finding for Lipomas?
Demarcated or encapsulated collection of mature fat cells
Treatment protocol for Lipomas:
- Enucleation or conservative surgical excision
- Virtually no tendency to recur
- No evidence of malignant transformation
_______________ Represents an uncommon reaction to the sectioning of a nerve
Traumatic Neuroma
Clinical characteristics of Traumatic Neuromas:
- Smooth-surfaced, dome-shaped papule, usually less than one cm.
- Tongue, buccal vestibule are often affected
- May be tender on palpation
what are the histological characteristics of Traumatic neuromas?
- Microscopically, a tangled mass of peripheral nerve fibers is seen
- Usually set in a collagenous background
a ____________ is a benign tumor of schwann cell origin
Neurilomoma (Schwannoma)
clinical characteristics of Neurilomomas
A) Most are identified in adults
B) Slow-growing, solitary, encapsulated, rubbery-firm, non-tender mass
C) Lips, tongue, buccal mucosa
D) May be seen within the mandible
General histological characteristics of Neurilomomas:
Well-developed connective tissue capsule
Benign proliferation of spindle-shaped schwann cells
Presene of Antoni Patterns (A & B)
what types of “Antoni patterns” are seen in Neurilomomas? Describe each
A) Antoni A and Antoni B patterns are seen
B) Antoni A featuring palisaded nuclei arranged around acellular hyaline material (Verocay bodies)
C) Antoni B more disorganized, myxoid
what are the treatment options for a Neurilemoma?
- Treatment consists of conservative excision
- Lesion usually “shells out” due to dense connective tissue capsule
- Virtually no tendency to recur
- Extremely rare malignant transformation
what lesion is defined as a “Benign tumor of neural fibroblast origin”
Neurofibroma
what are the clinical characteristics of Neurofibromas?
A) Over 90% are solitary; most of remainder are multiple and associated with neurofibromatosis
B) Soft, dome-shaped, non-tender, superficial nodule affecting skin or mucosa
C) Demarcated, but unencapsulated
T/F: in Neurofibroma lesions, lesional tissue tends to mingle with the adjacent normal tissue
true
Treatment/prognosis/reoccurance of Neurofibromas:
A) Treatment consists of simple, conservative excision
B) Prognosis is generally good
C) Uncommon possibility of malignant transformation to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor; especially rare for small, superficial lesions
A ____________ lesion is one of the most common autosomal DOMINANT genetic problems that affects humans
Neurofibromatosis
what is the prevalence of Neurofibromatosis?
How many children are born with it
approximately 1 in 3,000 live births
how is Neurofibromatosis inherited?
Approximately half are transmitted as autosomal dominant trait; other half appear to be new mutations
T/F: due to highly variable gene expression, some cases of Neurofibromatosis are very mild, others are quite severe
True
A mutation of what gene can cause Neurofibromatosis?
NF1 gene (17q11.2), neurofibromin, acts as a tumor suppressor
what are the skin lesions associated with Neurofibromatosis?
A) Café-au-lait spots
B) Light brown (the color of coffee with milk) macules with smooth (“coast of California”) borders
C) Usually 6 or more, greater than 1.5 cm in the adult patient
where are the oral lesions associated with Neurofibromatosis found?
neurofibromas may affect the tongue, gingivae or bone
what are the possible treatments for Neurofibromatosis?
Treatment consists of:
1) removing traumatized neurofibromas or disfiguring lesions
2) Genetic counseling
3) Follow for potential malignant transformation
what is the prognosis for neurofibromatosis?
- Prognosis should be considered fair to guarded
- If malignant transformation occurs, prognosis is poor
__________________ is a rare tumor seen in the first 2-3 years of life
Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy
clinical characteristics of Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy
1) Most develop in the anterior maxilla
2) Rapid growth
3) May be brown, black or purplish in color
name the radiographic findings of Melanotic Neuroectodermal tumors of infancy
A) Radiographic appearance is characteristic
B) Radiolucency of anterior maxilla
C) Deciduous maxillary incisor is pushed labially, appearing as a “tooth floating in space”
Histological characteristics of Melanotic Neuroectodermal tumors of infancy
A) Proliferation of small, dark, neuroectodermal-appearing cells that are in nested aggregates
B) Surrounded by plump, epithelioid cells that produce melanin
Treatment/prognosis/risks for Melanotic Neuroextodermal tumors of infancy
1) Conservative excision is usually curative
2) Good prognosis
3) Sporadic reports of aggressive behavior are probably over-represented in the literature
what are the histological characteristics of Neurofibromas?
A) Collection of fibroblastic cells that have wavy nuclei
B) Usually quite a few mast cells are seen within the lesion
C) Lesional tissue tends to mingle with the adjacent normal tissue
