Benign mesenchymal neoplasm 3 Flashcards
where are Granular cell tumors fount intraorally?
Develop on any cutaneous or mucosal surface, but 40% occur on the tongue
CLINICAL characteristics of Granular Cell Tumors:
- Slow-growing, demarcated (though unencapsulated), non-tender submucosal nodule
- Most are less than one cm. in size
- Tongue is favorite site, but buccal mucosa and floor of mouth may be affected
Prognosis/treatment for Granular cell tumors:
Conservative excision is usually curative
Prognosis is excellent
___________ is a rare lesion of undetermined histogenesis, that appears on the maxillary ridge of newborns
Congenital Epulis
general characteristics of Congenital Epulis:
- Found at birth on the maxillary ridge of girl babies
- Smooth-surfaced, often pedunculated
- Vary in size
Histological characteristics of Congenital Epulis:
A) Microscopically shows a benign proliferation of cells having granular cytoplasms
B) No pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia
C) No S-100 positivity
What is the treatment protocol for Congenital Epulis?
- Conservative excision
- No tendency to recur
- Some reports of spontaneous involution without surgery
what is the most common tumor of childhood?
Hemangioma
what are the most common sites for hemangiomas?
Head and neck region is frequently affected
Tongue is most common intraoral site
clinical presentation of Hemangiomas:
A) Usually red in color, but can range through various shades of purple, depending on the caliber of vessels
B) Most are elevated, but macular lesions are also seen (“port wine stain”; nevus flammeus)
C) Variable in size
what diagnostic tool can be used to determine whether a red lesion (hemangioma) is due to extravasated blood or to blood that is contained within vessels
diascopy
T/F: Hemangiomas will “blanch” if pressed with a glass slide
True
What are the treatment options for hemangiomas?
1) Surgical excision, cryotherapy, embolization or use of sclerosing agents if cosmetically unacceptable
2) If lesion impairs vision, treat as soon as possible
3) Otherwise, wait until child is at least 6 years of age
_________________ is also known as Sturge-Weber syndrome (really should be “anomalad”)
Encephalotrigeminal Angiomatosis
T/F: Encephalotrigeminal Angiomatosis is a congenital abnormality, not an inherited or genetic problem
True
what is the definition of Encephalotrigeminal Angiomatosis?
Hemangiomatous process affecting superficial and deeper tissues in region of cranial nerve V
Clinical symptoms of Encephalotrigeminal Angiomatosis:
1) Patients exhibit nevus flammeus in distribution of 1st, and sometimes 2nd or 3rd, division of C.N. V
2) Involvement of deeper soft tissues as well as meninges of brain
3) Seizure disorders, mental retardation, and hemiplegia may be present
Radiographic signs of Encephalotrigeminal Angiomatosis:
A) Classic radiographic finding of “tram-line” calcifications seen on skull film
B) Parallel calcifications probably represent the calcified walls of abnormal blood vessels
_________ is a benign neoplasm of lymphatic vessel differentiation
Lymphangioma
Clinical characteristics of Lymphangiomas:
1) Often present at birth
2) Tongue is most common intraoral site
3) Surface has a vesicular appearance, similar to “frog eggs” or “tapioca pudding”
Cystic Hygroma are simply a large form of what condition?
lymphangioma
what areas of the body can be effected by Cystic Hygroma? why is this especially concerning?
1) May affect the neck, mediastinum, axilla and the oral cavity
2) Important because this lesion may cause airway obstruction, particularly if it becomes secondarily infected
Treatment protocol for Cystic Hygromas:
- Management depends on size of lesion
- More difficult to treat than hemangioma because it is often difficult to discern the borders of the tumor
- Surgical excision is the treatment of choice
- Relatively high recurrence rate: up to 40% in some series
____________ is a benign tumor of smooth muscle differentiation
Leiomyoma
clinical characteristics of Leiomyomas:
1) Most in the oral region probably arise from vascular smooth muscle
2) Well-demarcated, rubbery firm, less than 1 cm in diameter
3) May have a reddish or purplish color due to their vascular nature
where are Leiomyomas usually found?
Most common in the upper lip, buccal mucosa and palate
Histological features of Leiomyomas:
1) Benign proliferation of cells that resemble smooth muscle
2) Spindle-shaped, with cigar-shaped nuclei and eosinophilic cytoplasms
3) No significant atypia, and no mitotic activity
4) Positive for markers of muscle differentiation
Treatment options for Leiomyomas:
Treatment consists of conservative excision
Prognosis is excellent
Virtually no chance of recurrence
____________ are very rare, benign tumor of skeletal muscle differentiation
Rhabdomyoma
T/F: Most rhabdomyomas arise in the heart (“cardiac rhabdomyoma”)
True
Cardiac Rhabdomyomas are associated with what other syndrome?
tuberous sclerosis
Extra-cardiac rhabdomyomas usually develop in what region?
head and neck region
what are the clinical features of a Rhabdomyoma?
Non-tender, well-circumscribed mass in the submandibular or base of tongue region
what is the treatment for Rhabdomyoma?
- Conservative surgical excision is appropriate
- Recurrence has been reported, but is not common
what are the histological characteristics of Granular cell Tumors?
Collection of mesenchymal cells with a granular-appearing cytoplasm
Granular cell tumors can be incorrectly diagnosed as Squamous cell carcinoma due to the presence of ___________ in 30% of cases
PEH (pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia)
