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2A CLINICAL SCIENCES > Benign & Malignant Tumours > Flashcards

Benign & Malignant Tumours Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of a tumour

A

-any abnormal swelling
-eg. neoplasm, inflammation, hypertrophy, hyperplasia
-all neoplasms are tumours but not all tumours are neoplasms

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2
Q

Definition of a neoplasm

A

-a lesion resulting from the autonomous/relatively autonomous abnormal growth of cells
-which persists after the initiating stimulus has been removed

-a new growth
-a new & abnormal growth of tissue in part of the body
-neoplasia = autonomous, abnormal, persistent, new growth
-can be harmful/unharmful

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3
Q

What are constituents of solid neoplasms?

A

-neoplastic cells
-stroma (supporting network of cells) - except leukaemia

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4
Q

Categories for behavioural classification of tumours

A

Benign
Borderline
Malignant

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5
Q

Examples of benign neoplasms

A

-fibroid
-tubulovillous adenoma

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6
Q

How can benign neoplasms cause morbidity/mortality?

A

-pressure on adjacent structures
-obstruct flow
-production of hormones
-transformation to malignant neoplasm
-anxiety

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7
Q

Examples of malignant neoplasms

A

-prostate cancer
-squamous cell carcinoma

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8
Q

How can malignant neoplasms cause morbidity/mortality?

A

-destruction of adjacent tissue
-metastases
-blood loss from ulcers
-obstruct flow
-hormone production
-paraneoplastic effects (rare disorders triggered by abnormal immune response to a neoplasm)
-anxiety & pain

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9
Q

What is a papilloma?

A

-benign tumour
-of non-glandular, non-secretory epithelium

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10
Q

What is an adenoma?

A

-benign tumour
-of glandular or secretory epithelium

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11
Q

What is a carcinoma?

A

-malignant tumour
-of epithelial cells

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12
Q

What is the cell of origin of a lipoma?

A

Adipocytes

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13
Q

What is the cell of origin of a chondroma?

A

Cartilage

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14
Q

What is the cell of origin of a osteoma?

A

Bone

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15
Q

What is the cell of origin of an angioma?

A

Vascular

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16
Q

What does the suffix oma mean?

A

A benign connective tissue neoplasm

17
Q

What does the suffix sarcoma mean?

A

A malignant connective tissue neoplasm

18
Q

What is the cell of origin of a liposarcoma?

A

Adipose tissue

19
Q

What is the cell of origin of rhabdomyosarcoma?

A

Striated muscles

20
Q

What is the cell of origin of a leiomyosarcoma?

A

Smooth muscles

21
Q

What is the cell of origin of a chondrosarcoma?

A

Cartilage

22
Q

What is the cell of origin of an osteosarcoma?

A

Bone

23
Q

What is the cell of origin of an angiosarcoma?

A

Blood vessels

24
Q

How are carcinomas & sarcomas classified?

A

-by differentiation
-less differentiation = higher grade
-well-differentiated cancer cells look more like normal cells & tend to grow & spread more slowly than less differentiated cancer cells

25
Q

Carcinoma

A

Malignant epithelia neoplasm

26
Q

Sarcoma

A

Malignant connective tissue neoplasm

27
Q

Oma

A

Neoplasm

28
Q

Are all omas neoplasms?

A

-no
-eg. granuloma, tuberculoma

29
Q

Examples of malignant tumours which aren’t carcinoma/sarcoma

A

Melanoma
Mesothelioma
Lymphoma

30
Q

Melanoma

A

Malignant neoplasm of lymphocytes

31
Q

Mesothelioma

A

Malignant neoplasm of mesothelial cells

32
Q

Lymphoma

A

Malignant neoplasm of lymphoid cells

33
Q

Eponymously named tumours

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma - B lymphocytes
Ewing’s sarcoma - tissue around bone
Grawitz tumour - renal parenchyma
Kaposi’s sarcoma - skin/mucous membranes that line the GI tract fro mouth -> anus

34
Q

Teratoma

A

Neoplasms containing tissues from all 3 embryological layers

35
Q

Embryonal tumour

A

Begins in embryonic fetal tissue

36
Q

Mixed tumour

A

Neoplasm with 1+ cell type but arising from only 1 germ layer

37
Q

APUDomas

A

Neuroendocrine tumours

38
Q

Carcinosarcoma

A

Cancer of epithelial tissue (carcinoma) & cancer of connective tissue (sarcoma)

2A CLINICAL SCIENCES (14 decks)

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