Benign & Malignant Tumours Flashcards
Definition of a tumour
-any abnormal swelling
-eg. neoplasm, inflammation, hypertrophy, hyperplasia
-all neoplasms are tumours but not all tumours are neoplasms
Definition of a neoplasm
-a lesion resulting from the autonomous/relatively autonomous abnormal growth of cells
-which persists after the initiating stimulus has been removed
-a new growth
-a new & abnormal growth of tissue in part of the body
-neoplasia = autonomous, abnormal, persistent, new growth
-can be harmful/unharmful
What are constituents of solid neoplasms?
-neoplastic cells
-stroma (supporting network of cells) - except leukaemia
Categories for behavioural classification of tumours
Benign
Borderline
Malignant
Examples of benign neoplasms
-fibroid
-tubulovillous adenoma
How can benign neoplasms cause morbidity/mortality?
-pressure on adjacent structures
-obstruct flow
-production of hormones
-transformation to malignant neoplasm
-anxiety
Examples of malignant neoplasms
-prostate cancer
-squamous cell carcinoma
How can malignant neoplasms cause morbidity/mortality?
-destruction of adjacent tissue
-metastases
-blood loss from ulcers
-obstruct flow
-hormone production
-paraneoplastic effects (rare disorders triggered by abnormal immune response to a neoplasm)
-anxiety & pain
What is a papilloma?
-benign tumour
-of non-glandular, non-secretory epithelium
What is an adenoma?
-benign tumour
-of glandular or secretory epithelium
What is a carcinoma?
-malignant tumour
-of epithelial cells
What is the cell of origin of a lipoma?
Adipocytes
What is the cell of origin of a chondroma?
Cartilage
What is the cell of origin of a osteoma?
Bone
What is the cell of origin of an angioma?
Vascular
What does the suffix oma mean?
A benign connective tissue neoplasm
What does the suffix sarcoma mean?
A malignant connective tissue neoplasm
What is the cell of origin of a liposarcoma?
Adipose tissue
What is the cell of origin of rhabdomyosarcoma?
Striated muscles
What is the cell of origin of a leiomyosarcoma?
Smooth muscles
What is the cell of origin of a chondrosarcoma?
Cartilage
What is the cell of origin of an osteosarcoma?
Bone
What is the cell of origin of an angiosarcoma?
Blood vessels
How are carcinomas & sarcomas classified?
-by differentiation
-less differentiation = higher grade
-well-differentiated cancer cells look more like normal cells & tend to grow & spread more slowly than less differentiated cancer cells
