Benign breast disease

Question 1

Define Breast cyst

Answer 1

A fluid-filled sac that develops within the breast tissue

Question 2

Breast cyst examination features

Answer 2

Firm, well-circumsribed, smooth lump

Question 3

Symptomatic (pain / tender) breast cyst Mx

Answer 3

Aspiration

Question 4

when is breast cyst most likely to be symptomatic

Answer 4

hormonal changes e.g. menopause

Question 5

what is breast pain called

Answer 5

mastalgia

Question 6

what breast Sx is rarely a Sx of breast ca

Answer 6

mastalgia

Question 7

what are the possible causes of mastalgia

Answer 7

Benign breast changes
hormonal changes - cyclical

Question 8

Mastalgia Mx

Answer 8

Mostly self limiting
Analgesia: NSAIDs / cetamol
Bra fitting

Question 9

Define Fibroadenoma

Answer 9

a benign (non-cancerous) breast tumor that consists of stromal and epithelial tissue of the duct lobules

Question 10

Fibroadenoma examination features

Answer 10

• “breast mouse” highly mobile
• well-defined and rubbery on palpation
• < 5cm

Question 11

Fibroadenoma Mx

Answer 11

1. > 3cm - excision
2. can be left in-situ

Question 12

Breast Papilloma common presenting Sx

Answer 12

bloody or clear nipple discharge

Question 13

Define Breast Papilloma

Answer 13

A benign (non-cancerous) tumor that grows inside the milk ducts of the breast

Question 14

where ia breast papilloma commonly located on the breast

Answer 14

subareolar region

Question 15

why is a bx required for breast papilloma

Answer 15

appear similar to ductal carcinomas on imaging

Question 16

breast papilloma Mx

Answer 16

Microdochectomy

Question 17

what type of breast cancer can papilloma turn into

Answer 17

DCIS - ductal carcinoma in-situ

Question 18

what is the most concerning type of nipple discharge

Answer 18

unilateral, single duct bloody discharge

Question 19

what can cause benign milky nipple discharge

Answer 19

meds that increases PRL levels

Question 20

Define breast abscess

Answer 20

a localized collection of pus within the breast tissue, usually caused by a bacterial infection

Question 21

pus / inflammation

Breast abscess clinical presentation

Answer 21

painful, tender, red breast w/ underlying pointing mass

Question 22

breast abscess Mx

Answer 22

• Needle drainage w/ imagin guidance
• systemically unwell: Incision + drainage
  PLUS PO / IV Abx

Question 23

breast infection/inflammation risk factors

Answer 23

• smoker
• lactation
• previous breast abscess

Question 24

breast infection/inflammation differential

Answer 24

inflammatory breast ca - breast infection that is not healing or global abnormality in the breas

Question 25

what breast condition is mostly assoc. with smokers

Answer 25

periductal mastitis

Question 26

Define periductal mastitis

Answer 26

**Periductal mastitis** is a non-lactational inflammatory condition affecting the milk ducts of the breast, usually occurring near the nipple (subareolar region)

Question 27

Periductal mastitis Mx

Answer 27

1. smoking cessation 2. Abx 3. abscess drainage

Question 28

Periductal mastitis causes

Answer 28

**Blocked** or **damaged ducts**, often associated with **smoking** or nipple trauma

Question 29

Define Latational mastitis

Answer 29

Infection or inflammation of the breast tissue in **breastfeeding women**

Question 30

lactational mastitis causes

Answer 30

**Obstruction:** milk stasis - blocked milk duct **Infection:** staph. aureus

Question 31

Lactational mastitis conservative Mx

Answer 31

1. Cont. breast feeding 2. expressing milk 3. breast massage

Question 32

Bacterial Lactational mastitis Mx

Answer 32

1st line: Flucloxacillin **penicillin Ax:** Erythromycin

Question 33

Define Phyllodes Tumours

Answer 33

Phyllodes tumours are rare **fibroepithelial** tumours

Question 34

Asymptomatic (**non**-painful / tender) breast csyt Mx

Answer 34

close monitoring

Question 35

Phyllodes tumours Sx

Answer 35

- firm, painless breast lump

Question 36

Phyllodes tumours symptomatic Mx

Answer 36

Lumpectomy / mastectomy