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Women's Health > Benign Breast Conditions > Flashcards

Benign Breast Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Medical terms for breast pain (2)

A

mastodynia, mastalgia

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2
Q

CONDITION: A benign breast finding of dull, heavy ache, most likely bilateral, common in women ages 30-50. Begins a few days prior to menses and will resolve at the completion of menses

A

Cyclic mastodynia

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3
Q

CONDITION: Breast condition characterized by tightness, burning sensations, and stabbing sensations described as “zingers”. There is no correlation to the menstrual cycle, and the pain is more likely to be unilateral and localized.

A

Noncyclic mastodynia

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4
Q

(3) types of mastodynia

A

cyclic, non-cyclic, extra-mammary

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5
Q

Noncyclic mastodynia is more common in this population of patients

A

prior breast surgery

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6
Q

CONDITION: Breast pain characterized by very localized pain originating outside of the breast (i.e., trauma to breast or chest wall, pulled muscle, shingles)

A

Extramammary mastodynia

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7
Q

Priority treatment with mastodynia

A

reassurance

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8
Q

Lifestyle recommendations for mastodynia

A

warm or cool compresses, supportive bra, caffeine abstinence, vitamin E

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9
Q

______ is rarely the presenting symptom of breast cancer

A

breast pain

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10
Q

Medical management options for mastodynia

A

NSAIDs or acetaminophen, consider changing any hormonal medications (HRT, contraception). Topical NSAID (diclofenac gel) may be useful for localized pain. Breast imaging may be useful to provide reassurance.

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11
Q

Biggest risk to using evening primrose oil as alternative therapy for mastodynia

A

increased bleeding

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12
Q

CONDITION: Includes the spectrum of changes in the breasts, including all benign breast masses. Characterized by nodularity and mastodynia (mastalgia). The exact cause is unknown but likely r/t hormones circulating throughout the menstrual cycle

A

fibrocystic breast disease

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13
Q

(2) types of fibroepithelial lesions

A

fibroadenoma, phyllodes tumor

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14
Q

Characteristics of a fibroadenoma

A

round-oval, non-tender, firm, well-circumscribed. They are always benign

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15
Q

Which fibroepithelial lesion is ALWAYS benign

A

fibroadenoma (phyllodes are rarely malignant)

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16
Q

Characteristics of a phyllodes tumor

A

similar to a fibroadenoma but grows rapidly. Most often benign, but rarely may be malignant.

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17
Q

Which fibroepithelial adenoma will you ALWAYS biopsy?

A

Phyllodes tumor (r/t rapid growth, and ~10% become malignant. Fibroadenomas you would only biopsy if painful to pt, growing, or >2cm)

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18
Q

Characteristics of a breast cyst

A

often very tender, round, smooth, soft, and mobile

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19
Q

Characteristics of a lipoma

A

Soft, non-tender, not usually visualized on mammography

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20
Q

Management of cysts

A

If asymptomatic, can leave it. If painful, can aspirate the fluid (outpatient or under US guidance with specialist)

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21
Q

Lipomas are commonly in the ____ area

A

axillary

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22
Q

A milk filled cyst, generally during or just after lactation

A

galactocele

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23
Q

Characteristics of a hamartoma

A

firm, non-tender, collection of fibrous glandular and adipose tissue. May be an incidental finding, requires biopsy to confirm

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24
Q

Characteristics of fat necrosis

A

firm, ill-defined, non-tender, non-mobile. Most common after breast surgery

25
Q

Characteristics of intraductal papilloma

A

Small growths that occur in the ducts leading up to the nipple, often associated with nipple discharge, near the areola.

26
Q

How do you diagnose an intraductal papilloma (3)

A

ultrasound guided biopsy, ductogram, and excisional biopsy

27
Q

Management of a galactocele

A

should be left alone unless they get infected

28
Q

Priority risk of proliferative lesions with atypia

A

increased risk for breast cancer

29
Q

(4) types of proliferative lesions with atypia

A

flat epithelial atypia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, LCIS

30
Q

Type of nipple discharge that would be a red flag

A

bloody

31
Q

Bilateral milky discharge is called…

A

galactorrhea

32
Q

Galactorrhea can be normal for ________ after stopping breastfeeding

A

6 months - 1 year

33
Q

Does breast augmentation increase your risk of breast cancer?

A

No!

34
Q

Does breast augmentation affect breast feeding?

A

No!

35
Q

Does breast reduction increase your risk of breast cancer?

A

No!

36
Q

Younger than age ____ it may be hard to see anything on mammo r/t density of breast tissue

A

<30 yo

37
Q

Gold standard screening tool for breast imaging

A

Mammography

38
Q

Medical term for “3D mammography”

A

tomosynthesis

39
Q

US is most helpful for differentiating…..

A

cysts vs. solid masses

40
Q

MRI in terms of specificity and sensitivity….

A

High sensitivity (picks up lots of little, early changes) but low specificity (most are probably not a breast cancer)

41
Q

You are fairly certain you are feeling a cyst, but want to rule out a solid mass. What type of imaging might you order?

A

Breast US

42
Q

Which breast densities have slightly higher risk of breast cancer

A

C,D (more dense)

43
Q

(4) causes of denser breast tissue

A

HRT, hormonal contraceptives, younger age, lower BMI

44
Q

INTERPRET: The breasts are almost entirely fatty

A

Breast density A

45
Q

INTERPRET: There are scattered areas of fibroglandular density

A

Breast density B

46
Q

INTERPRET: The breasts are hetergeneoously dense, which may obscure small masses

A

Breast density C

47
Q

INTERPRET: The breasts are extremely dense, which lowers the sensitivity of mammography

A

Breast density D

48
Q

BI-RADs categories ___ through ___

A

0-6

49
Q

BIRADS 0

A

Additional imaging needed (they came in for screening mammo and they found something. Need additional imaging to make a determination. Maybe US, maybe a clinical exam)

50
Q

BIRADS 1

A

negative, benign with no findings (totally normal exam)

51
Q

BIRADS 2

A

Negative, changes found that are benign (i.e., cysts or calcifications that are normal)

52
Q

BIRADS 3

A

Probably benign, changes were found that are not highly suspicious, short term follow-up imaging is recommended (i.e., 6 months)

53
Q

BIRADS 4

A

Suspicious abnormality seen, biopsy should be considered (4A,B, or C)

54
Q

BIRADS 5

A

highly suspicious abnormality seen, biopsy should be performed

55
Q

BIRADS 6

A

known biopsy-proven cancer is present

56
Q

Mammograms begin annually for normal risk woman at age….

A

40yo

57
Q

Lifestyle recommendations for reducing risk of breast cancer generally

A

Get physical, limit HRT, weight control, no smoking, limit alcohol consumption

58
Q

HRT is contraindicated with a history of….

A

breast cancer

59
Q

Do microwaves, cell phones, deodorant, and caffeine cause breast cancer?

A

No!

Women's Health (4 decks)

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