Benchmark Review FINAL QUARTER Flashcards

1
Q

What was the significance of the Dred Scott v. Sandford decision?

A

The court ruled that African Americans were not considered citizens of the U.S.

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2
Q

What was the significance of the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848?

A

It began the organized women’s rights movement in the U.S.

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3
Q

What was the turning point that turned the tide against the Confederates in the Civil War?

A

The Battle of Gettysburg

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4
Q

How did John Brown’s raid at Harper’s Ferry affect popular opinion in the United States?

A

It further divided the North and the South on the issue of slavery.
Most Southerners viewed Brown as a terrorist.
Many Northerners saw Brown as a freedom fighter.

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5
Q

Why was the verdict in the Plessy v. Ferguson case significant?

A

It legalized segregation in the U.S. as long as “separate-but-equal” facilities were provided.

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6
Q

How did state legislatures in the South begin to change as a result of Reconstruction?

A

Many African Americans were elected as representatives to the state legislatures.

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7
Q

Why did southern governments feel justified in passing the Black Codes?

A

They felt that the government was intended for white men only and not African Americans.

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8
Q

How is the Industrial Revolution best defined?

A

a period of rapid growth during which machines became essential to industry

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9
Q

How did textile manufacturers successfully keep the costs of running a mill low?

A

They hired children to perform simple tasks and paid them very little.

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10
Q

How did the Reconstruction Acts, passed by Congress in March 1867, affect the makeup of the southern states?

A

The Acts divided the South into five military districts controlled by a military commander.

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11
Q

How did the sharecropping system limit the opportunities for African Americans to own farms and property?

A

Most sharecroppers lived in a cycle of debt, first buying goods on credit and then failing to make much money selling their crops.

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12
Q

What did the passage of the 13th Amendment mean for African Americans in the U.S.?

A

It provided African Americans with a future free from slavery.

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13
Q

Why were more American textile mills built in the North than in the South?

A

The North had more rivers to provide power

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14
Q

What were Jim Crow laws?

A

laws that enforced the segregation of the races

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15
Q

How did technological developments during the Industrial Revolution enable people to build factories almost anywhere

A

The shift to steam power meant factories no longer had to be built near streams, rivers, or waterfalls.

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16
Q

What are the advantages of the south?

A

Agriculture
Experienced Military Officers
Home Field Advantage
Fighting for way of life

17
Q

Why did the southern states decide to secede from the Union after the election of 1860?

A

They feared that their economy and way of life would be destroyed

18
Q

Why did the populations of cities in the northeastern and mid-Atlantic regions of the U.S. grow most rapidly during the mid-1800s?

A

More than half of the country’s manufacturing jobs were located in these regions.

19
Q

What are the advantages of the North?

A

Infrastructure
Population
Technology
Strong Navy

20
Q

What was the original goal of Reconstruction?

A

to reunite the nation and rebuild southern states without slavery

21
Q

Why did Congressional Republicans think that passing the Fifteenth Amendment would help protect their Reconstruction plan?

A

They thought African Americans would vote to support the plan if given the right to vote by the Fifteenth Amendment.

22
Q

“I have plowed and planted and … no man could [outwork] me. And ain’t I a woman?”Which of these expresses the main idea of Sojourner Truth’s speech given at a women’s rights convention in 1851?

A

Women should not be thought of as the weaker gender and they deserve equality.

23
Q

What was the original goal of Reconstruction?

A

to reunite the nation and rebuild southern states without slavery

24
Q

How was Frederick Douglass different from many other slaves of his time?

A

Douglass was well educated and had published narratives about his life.

25
Q

What led to the flood of Irish immigrants entering the United States in the mid-1840s?

A

a potato blight in Ireland that led to starvation and disease