Benchmark Review FINAL QUARTER Flashcards
What was the significance of the Dred Scott v. Sandford decision?
The court ruled that African Americans were not considered citizens of the U.S.
What was the significance of the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848?
It began the organized women’s rights movement in the U.S.
What was the turning point that turned the tide against the Confederates in the Civil War?
The Battle of Gettysburg
How did John Brown’s raid at Harper’s Ferry affect popular opinion in the United States?
It further divided the North and the South on the issue of slavery.
Most Southerners viewed Brown as a terrorist.
Many Northerners saw Brown as a freedom fighter.
Why was the verdict in the Plessy v. Ferguson case significant?
It legalized segregation in the U.S. as long as “separate-but-equal” facilities were provided.
How did state legislatures in the South begin to change as a result of Reconstruction?
Many African Americans were elected as representatives to the state legislatures.
Why did southern governments feel justified in passing the Black Codes?
They felt that the government was intended for white men only and not African Americans.
How is the Industrial Revolution best defined?
a period of rapid growth during which machines became essential to industry
How did textile manufacturers successfully keep the costs of running a mill low?
They hired children to perform simple tasks and paid them very little.
How did the Reconstruction Acts, passed by Congress in March 1867, affect the makeup of the southern states?
The Acts divided the South into five military districts controlled by a military commander.
How did the sharecropping system limit the opportunities for African Americans to own farms and property?
Most sharecroppers lived in a cycle of debt, first buying goods on credit and then failing to make much money selling their crops.
What did the passage of the 13th Amendment mean for African Americans in the U.S.?
It provided African Americans with a future free from slavery.
Why were more American textile mills built in the North than in the South?
The North had more rivers to provide power
What were Jim Crow laws?
laws that enforced the segregation of the races
How did technological developments during the Industrial Revolution enable people to build factories almost anywhere
The shift to steam power meant factories no longer had to be built near streams, rivers, or waterfalls.
What are the advantages of the south?
Agriculture
Experienced Military Officers
Home Field Advantage
Fighting for way of life
Why did the southern states decide to secede from the Union after the election of 1860?
They feared that their economy and way of life would be destroyed
Why did the populations of cities in the northeastern and mid-Atlantic regions of the U.S. grow most rapidly during the mid-1800s?
More than half of the country’s manufacturing jobs were located in these regions.
What are the advantages of the North?
Infrastructure
Population
Technology
Strong Navy
What was the original goal of Reconstruction?
to reunite the nation and rebuild southern states without slavery
Why did Congressional Republicans think that passing the Fifteenth Amendment would help protect their Reconstruction plan?
They thought African Americans would vote to support the plan if given the right to vote by the Fifteenth Amendment.
“I have plowed and planted and … no man could [outwork] me. And ain’t I a woman?”Which of these expresses the main idea of Sojourner Truth’s speech given at a women’s rights convention in 1851?
Women should not be thought of as the weaker gender and they deserve equality.
What was the original goal of Reconstruction?
to reunite the nation and rebuild southern states without slavery
How was Frederick Douglass different from many other slaves of his time?
Douglass was well educated and had published narratives about his life.
What led to the flood of Irish immigrants entering the United States in the mid-1840s?
a potato blight in Ireland that led to starvation and disease
