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Biology > Benchmark #2 > Flashcards

Benchmark #2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

The outer layer of the nucleus. Covered in pores.

A

The nuclear envelope (or membrane)

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1
Q

This is the control center of the cell

A

The nucleus

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2
Q

Small openings in the nuclear membrane that allow materials to pass through

A

Nuclear pores

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3
Q

Structure without the nucleus that makes ribosomes

A

Nucleolus

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4
Q

Organelle where proteins are assembled.

A

Ribosome

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5
Q

Small vesicle that contains digestive enzymes to break down wastes

A

Lysosome

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6
Q

Vesicle that contains enzymes like catalase.

A

Peroxisomes

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7
Q

Organelle that contains the pigment chlorophyll.

A

Chloroplasts

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8
Q

A cell containing 10% salt is out in a solution of 60% salt. Is the solution hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic

A

Hypertonic

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9
Q

An animal is placed in a solution that causes the cell to swell. Is the solution hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic?

A

Hypotonic

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10
Q

A plant cell is placed In a hypotonic solution. Will it swell and burst, swell and NOT burst, or shrivel up?

A

It will swell but not burst due to the cell wall.

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11
Q

An animal cell is placed In a solution. After some time, the cell swells and bursts. Is the solution hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic

A

Hypotonic

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12
Q

An animal cell is placed in a solution. After some time it shrivels up. Is the solution hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic?

A

Hypertonic

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13
Q

Does water still cross the membrane when the solution and the cell are at equilibrium?

A

Yes. Water will move in both directions at the same rate.

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14
Q

A plant cell is placed in a solution and the cell shrivels up. Is the solution hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic?

A

Hypertonic

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15
Q

This type of transport moves materials with or down the concentration gradient?

A

Passive transport

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16
Q

This type of transport moves materials against, or up the concentration gradient.

A

Active transport

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17
Q

Which type if microscope must be used in order to look at living cells?

A

Compound light microscopes

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18
Q

Which typer of microscopes can only view non living objects.

A

Electron microscopes

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19
Q

This type of microscope allows for 3-D images.

A

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

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20
Q

This structure is in the nucleus and creates ribosomes.

A

Nucleolus

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21
Q

Proteins are created by this organelle either on the RER or free-floating in the cytoplasm.

A

Ribosomes

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22
Q

This energy-producing organelle is found in both plant and animal cells.

A

Mitochondria

23
Q

A cell containing 20% salt is placed in a solution contains the same concentration of salt. Is the solution hypertonic or hypotonic or isotonic?

A

Isotonic

24
Q

This type of active transport uses protein pumps to move large materials through the cell membrane.

A

Molecular transport

25
Q

This organelle produces lipids and carbohydrates.

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

26
Q

Both types of this organelle are passage ways through the cell

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

27
Q

This type of active transport brings very large substances into the cell.

A

Endocytosis

28
Q

This type of active transport releases very large substance from the cell.

A

Exocytosis

29
Q

Three things that plant cells have that animal cells lack…

A

Cell wall
Chloroplasts
A larger vacuole

30
Q

This organelle takes proteins produces by the cell, modified them and then packages then in a vesicle.

A

Golgi bodies ( or Golgi apparatus)

31
Q

This vesicle contains digestive enzyme.

A

Lysosome

32
Q

This process uses protein channels to move materials passively

A

Facilitated diffusion

33
Q

This state is the goal of processes like osmosis and diffusion

A

Equilibrium

34
Q

This is made up of microtubules and micrifilaments

A

Cytoskeleton

35
Q

This is a passive type of transport where substances travel across the cell membrane

A

Diffusion

36
Q

This type if cell does not have it’s DNA in a nucleus

A

Prokaryote

37
Q

This type of cell lacks true organelles

A

Prokaryote

38
Q

This type of cell tends to be complex and contains specialized organelles.

A

Eukaryote

39
Q

Specialized structures found in eukaryotic cells

A

Organelles

40
Q

This model of the cell membrane is used to describe it’s ability to move and that it is made up if many different components.

A

Osmosis

41
Q

The diffusion of water across a membrane

A

The fluid mosaic model

42
Q

This organelle packages up proteins and prepares them to be shipped out of the cell

A

Mitochondria

43
Q

This organelle produces energy for the cell.

A

Golgi body

44
Q

This rigid structure is found only in plant cells.

A

Cell wall

45
Q

Is the cell wall found inside or outside of the cell membrane

A

Outside

46
Q

These structure are used during cell division to pull the chromosomes apart.

A

Chromatin

47
Q

This is what we call the genetic material when The cell is not dividing

A

Centrioles

48
Q

This vesicle stores substance like water

A

Vacuole

49
Q

This structure is coated in ribosomes

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

50
Q

The cell membrane is also known a the…

A

Lipid bilayer

51
Q

Of the two main type of transport, this does not require energy.

A

Passive transport

52
Q

Of the two main types of transport this does require energy.

A

Active transport

53
Q

This material between the cell membrane an the nuclear membrane. It contains the organelles.

A

Cytoplasm

54
Q

Small hair-like proteins covering the outside of some cells.

A

Celia

55
Q

A long whip-like tail that some cells use as a way to move

A

Flagella

Biology (5 decks)

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