Benchmark #2 Flashcards
The outer layer of the nucleus. Covered in pores.
The nuclear envelope (or membrane)
This is the control center of the cell
The nucleus
Small openings in the nuclear membrane that allow materials to pass through
Nuclear pores
Structure without the nucleus that makes ribosomes
Nucleolus
Organelle where proteins are assembled.
Ribosome
Small vesicle that contains digestive enzymes to break down wastes
Lysosome
Vesicle that contains enzymes like catalase.
Peroxisomes
Organelle that contains the pigment chlorophyll.
Chloroplasts
A cell containing 10% salt is out in a solution of 60% salt. Is the solution hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic
Hypertonic
An animal is placed in a solution that causes the cell to swell. Is the solution hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic?
Hypotonic
A plant cell is placed In a hypotonic solution. Will it swell and burst, swell and NOT burst, or shrivel up?
It will swell but not burst due to the cell wall.
An animal cell is placed In a solution. After some time, the cell swells and bursts. Is the solution hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic
Hypotonic
An animal cell is placed in a solution. After some time it shrivels up. Is the solution hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic?
Hypertonic
Does water still cross the membrane when the solution and the cell are at equilibrium?
Yes. Water will move in both directions at the same rate.
A plant cell is placed in a solution and the cell shrivels up. Is the solution hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic?
Hypertonic
This type of transport moves materials with or down the concentration gradient?
Passive transport
This type of transport moves materials against, or up the concentration gradient.
Active transport
Which type if microscope must be used in order to look at living cells?
Compound light microscopes
Which typer of microscopes can only view non living objects.
Electron microscopes
This type of microscope allows for 3-D images.
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
This structure is in the nucleus and creates ribosomes.
Nucleolus
Proteins are created by this organelle either on the RER or free-floating in the cytoplasm.
Ribosomes
This energy-producing organelle is found in both plant and animal cells.
Mitochondria
A cell containing 20% salt is placed in a solution contains the same concentration of salt. Is the solution hypertonic or hypotonic or isotonic?
Isotonic
This type of active transport uses protein pumps to move large materials through the cell membrane.
Molecular transport
This organelle produces lipids and carbohydrates.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Both types of this organelle are passage ways through the cell
Endoplasmic reticulum
This type of active transport brings very large substances into the cell.
Endocytosis
This type of active transport releases very large substance from the cell.
Exocytosis
Three things that plant cells have that animal cells lack…
Cell wall
Chloroplasts
A larger vacuole
This organelle takes proteins produces by the cell, modified them and then packages then in a vesicle.
Golgi bodies ( or Golgi apparatus)
This vesicle contains digestive enzyme.
Lysosome
This process uses protein channels to move materials passively
Facilitated diffusion
This state is the goal of processes like osmosis and diffusion
Equilibrium
This is made up of microtubules and micrifilaments
Cytoskeleton
This is a passive type of transport where substances travel across the cell membrane
Diffusion
This type if cell does not have it’s DNA in a nucleus
Prokaryote
This type of cell lacks true organelles
Prokaryote
This type of cell tends to be complex and contains specialized organelles.
Eukaryote
Specialized structures found in eukaryotic cells
Organelles
This model of the cell membrane is used to describe it’s ability to move and that it is made up if many different components.
Osmosis
The diffusion of water across a membrane
The fluid mosaic model
This organelle packages up proteins and prepares them to be shipped out of the cell
Mitochondria
This organelle produces energy for the cell.
Golgi body
This rigid structure is found only in plant cells.
Cell wall
Is the cell wall found inside or outside of the cell membrane
Outside
These structure are used during cell division to pull the chromosomes apart.
Chromatin
This is what we call the genetic material when The cell is not dividing
Centrioles
This vesicle stores substance like water
Vacuole
This structure is coated in ribosomes
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
The cell membrane is also known a the…
Lipid bilayer
Of the two main type of transport, this does not require energy.
Passive transport
Of the two main types of transport this does require energy.
Active transport
This material between the cell membrane an the nuclear membrane. It contains the organelles.
Cytoplasm
Small hair-like proteins covering the outside of some cells.
Celia
A long whip-like tail that some cells use as a way to move
Flagella
