Belmont report

Question 1

when was the national research act signed into law?

Answer 1

1974

Question 2

what did the national research act create?

Answer 2

national commission for the protection of human subjects of biomedical and behavioral research

Question 3

what is the national commission charged with?

Answer 3

1) identify basic ethical principles that should underlie conduct of biomedical and behavioral research involving human subjects
2) to develop guidelines that will assure research is conducted in accordance with those principles

Question 4

purpose of belmont report

Answer 4

provide ethical principles and boundaries between practice and research

Question 5

3 ethical principles

Answer 5

1) respect for persons
2) beneficence
3) justice

Question 6

3 applications of belmont

Answer 6

1) informed consent
2) assessment of risks and benefits
3) selection of subjects

Question 7

purpose of medical or behavioral practice

Answer 7

provide diagnosis, preventive treatment or therapy to particular individuals

Question 8

what does research designate?

Answer 8

an activity designed to test an hypothesis, permit conclusions to be drawn, and develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge

Question 9

2 ethical convictions incorporated into Respect for Persons

Answer 9

1) individuals should be treated as autonomous agents

2) persons with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection

Question 10

what is providing beneficience?

Answer 10

we must treat persons in an ethical manner, not only respecting their decisions and protecting them from harm, but making efforts to secure their well-being

Question 11

2 general rules formulated as complementary expressions of beneficient actions:

Answer 11

1) do not harm

2) maximize possible benefits and minimize possible harm

Question 12

when does an injustice occur?

Answer 12

when some benefit to which a person is entitled is denied without good reason or when some burden is imposed unduly

Question 13

applications of the general principles from Belmont to the conduct of research leads to consideration of the following requirements (3):

Answer 13

1) informed consent
2) risk/benefit assessment
3) selection of subjects

Question 14

Informed consent =

Answer 14

respect for persons requires that subjects, to the degree that they are eligible, be given the opportunity to choose what shall or shall not happen to them

Question 15

what are 3 standards of informed consent that show respect for person?

Answer 15

1) information
2) comprehension
3) voluntariness

Question 16

codes for proper and responsible conduct of human experimentation in research have been adopted. what are the 4 best known codes?

Answer 16

1) the nuremberg code, 1947
2) the helsinki declaration, 1964
3) 1971 guidelines by US Dept of Health & Education
4) Welfare codes for conduct of social and behavioral research (1973?)