bell ringer theory Flashcards
horns central incisors
3 horns
variation of central incisors
1) double shovel
2) 3/4 shovel shape
horns lateral incisors
2 horns for upper
3 horns for lower
variation of lateral incisors
1) shovel-shaped
2) peg-shaped incisors
3) agenesis (tooth missing)
horns for canines
1 horn
variation for canines
bifurcation of root
horns for upper first premolar
2 horns
canals for upper first premolar
2 canals
horns for upper second premolar
2 horns
horns for lower first premolar
1 to 2 horns
horns for lower second premolar
2 to 3 horns
variation of lower second premolar
Leong’s tubercle
accessory cusp found on the MB side of mandibular molar (both permanent and primary)
protostylid
variation of max first molar
carabelli cusp
components for trigon
mb, ml, db cusps
components of talon
dl cusp
horns for max first molar
4 or 5 horns
where is carabelli cusp found
ml cups
horns for max second molar
4 horns
variations for upper second molar
enamel pearls, enamel extensions, furcation, carabelli trait
horns for lower first molar
5 horns
horns for lower second molar
4 horns
absence of all teeth
anadontia
abrasion
progressive loss of hard tooth substance due to mechanical action other than mastication (eg. improper tooth brushing)
attrition
normal wear of teeth due to tooth-to-tooth contact
abfraction
tooth tissue loss that occurs at the gingival margin due to bending forces applied to the tooth
erosion
gradual loss of tooth tissue due to chemical processes (eg. acid)
root bent
dilaceration
extra enamel at the primary upper molars
parastyle