Bell Ringer 2 Flashcards
What are the muscles for mastication you can see from the crania and where are they
Temporalis muscles
Masseter-zygoma to the inferior aspect of the ramus
Teeth orientation
Mesial- closer to the midline
Distal-further from the midline
Occlusal morphology y-5 and codes
Protoconoid-prd
Metaconoid=med
Hypoconoid =hyd
Entoconoid =entd
Hypoconuloid=hyld
Upper molars
Protocone=pr
Paracone=pa
Metacone=me
Hypocone=hy
Pan and gorillla dentition
-rounded cusps mean soft fruit frugivory
-cresty cusps means fall back folivory
-both thinly enameled
Two minor muscles of mastication
Lateral pterygoid (upper)
Medial pterygoid (lower)
Muscle fibres and directionality
Superiority-inferioly
Bring mandible straight up with contraction
Temporalis in gorillas and primates
Fibres oriented more posteriorly
-have saggital crest to occipital
-leave a lot space for fibres of temporalis
-grinding
-large front teeth
Pongo teeth
Hard tough object feeders
Flatter EDJ
Thick enamel
Mechanical properties to teeth
-enamel = hardest bodily substance
-endures wear
Resists crushing
-gets the process of digestion started
-dentin softer then enamel
Frugivores
Ekembo
Dryopithecines
Pan
-large front teeth
-low rounded cusps
-broad, shallow basins
Hard object feeders
Afropithecus
Middle Miocene
Ouranopithecus
Sivapithecus
-thick enamel
-large molars -premolars
-decussation-enamel prisms (enamel grows in prisms from EDJ, they can twist like a helix. More resistant to breakage)
Foliovores
Oreopithecus
-small front teeth
-tall, pointy cusps
-deep basins
-processes with back teeth
Shearing quotients
Crests
Sum of the length of the crests divided by the length of the overall tooth
Folvore vs hard object feeder teeth damage
Mostly fine scratches
Larger, more frequent pits
