1 Flashcards
Proconsul
When
What
Who related to
Early Miocene
Cingula
Ape-like dentition/primitive catarrhine
-no tail but a coccyx
Monkey like post crania
Related to Ekembo, Afropithecus, Heliopithecus, Morotopithecus
Ekembo
When
What
Who related to
Early Miocene
-well developed cingula
-ape like dentition
Monkey post crania
-coccyx no tail
-wrist and hip have higher level of mobility
F-fenestrated palate
-Kenya
Afropithecus
When
What
Who related to
Early Miocene
-larger jaws with more powerful chewing
-massive front teeth
-thick mandible
-molars are more round on the cusps and larger
-wider molars
-tusk;Ike canines
-incisors that project outward
-
Name the early Miocene apes
Proconsul
Ekembo
Afropithecus
Heliopithecus
Morotopithecus
Heliopithecus
When
What
Who related to
Early Miocene
-pretty much identical to Afropithecus
-larger molars with rounder cusps
-Saudi Arabia
Morotopithecus
-fenestrated windows
-dentition similar to Ekembo
-lumbar vertebrae intermediate to monkeys and apes
-cingula and thinner enamel
Griphopithecus
Large, robust jaws
-thick enamel
-low EDJ (no horns)
-flattened enamel surface
-terrestrial resources, hard and tough and gritty food wear down
-Turkey
-Ekembo-like post crania based on Griphopithecus
-pronograde quadrupedalism
-first to leave Africa
Equatorius
similar to Gripho. But in Africa
-from Kenya
-16-15mya
-massive jaws
-thick enamel and low EDJ
-post-crania
-primitive limbs like Ekembo
-ulna with large olecranon process
-lower end of the ulna has a prominent styloid process for a stable wrist
-posterior humeral head like a monkey
Nacholapithecus
-similar dentally
-small shelf-like cingula
-joints are relatively large in the forelimb and smaller in the hindlimb
-zygomatic root still low
-ape-like body plan starts to form
-distal end of humerus, proximal end of the ulna, proximal end of a femur
-Afropithecus like canines
Kenyapithecus
high zygomatic root
-hominids (g. Apes and humans)
-youngest of the thick middle Miocene, low dentin penetrance
-distal end of a humerus
-not super distinct capitulum, asymmetrical …arboreal still
-No cingulum
-thicker canines than other griphopiths
-elongated molars
Who had the first high zygomatic root
Kenyapithecus
Who the mid Miocene
Griphopithecus
Nacholapithecus
Kenyapithecus
Equatorius
Otavipithecus
When
What
Who related to
Relic of proconsul radiation maybe ?
-corpus tall like Ekembo and Afropithecus
-size of teeth like Ekembo
-female
Pierolapithecus
relatively straight proximal phalanx
-possibly suspensory but not super sure
-more modern in premaxilla with overlapping maxilla and premaxilla (stepped subnasal fossa)
-reduced incisive foramen
-teeth revert to Ekembo-like
-thinner animal but high Dentin Penetrance
Anoiapithecus
more modern in premaxilla with overlap
-reduced incisive foramen
-teeth revert to Ekembo-like
-thinner animal but high Dentin Penetrance
Dryopithecus
-more modern in premaxilla with overlap
-reduced incisive foramen
-teeth revert to Ekembo-like
-thinner enamel but high Dentin Penetrance
Hispanopithecus
-slight difference
-practically no cingulum
-canines more slender
-The proximal phalanx of the hand looks like an orangutan….suspensory
-long and curved finger bones
-high EDJ
Rudapithecus
-identical curvature
-Suspensory from other postcranial details
-distal end of the humorous has well-defined trochlea with deep groove
-well separated from a large capitulum
-arm can fully extend and be stable
-radial articulation is perfectly spherical ….wide range of motion
-thinly enamelled
-tall and narrow incisors
-High EDJ
-klinorhynchy…downward oriented face
Ouranopithecus
-similar to Ekembo but with selection pressures from hard food processing
-large jaws and teeth, thick enamel
-low dentin penetrance
-face looks like western and central euros
-postcranial
-more terrestrial
-small canine comp to back teeth
9.5-9mya
Graecopithecus
-large teeth
-thick enamel
-low EDJ
-small canine relative
Name the late Miocene euro
Dryopithecus
Pierolopithecus
Anoiopithecus
Otavipithecus
Hispanopithecus
Rudapithecus
Sivapithecus
-concave face
-tall orbits
-narrow intraorbital space
-no brow ridge
-elongated, horizontal premaxilla
-supraorbital rim
-palate like an Organs
-robust jaws, thick enamel
-broad and flat and long molars
-big incisors
-no step, very overlapping premaxilla
-Anatolia-china
Ankarapithecus
No extreme orang adaptations
-robust jaws, thick enamel
-big incisors
Lufengpithecus
-not super orang-like
-maybe a dryopith in china
-crenulation on the molars
-suspensory based on phalanges
Samburupithecus
A relic of early Miocene that survived until late
-low zygomatic root
-cingula
-thick enamel
Nakalipithecus
-related to Ouranopithecus…ancestor
-tubercle on the canine
-on a ridge
Oreopithecus
-very distinct dentiition
-isolation in Tuscany
-sheering incisors
Small teeth with high dentin penetrance
-relatevely thin enamel
Asia
Sivapithecus
Ankarapithecus
Lufengpithecus
Who has post crania
Ekembo
Morotopithecus
Equatorius
Nacholapithecus
Kenyapithecus
Pierolopithecus
Dryopithecus
Hispanopithecus
Rudapithecus
Oreopithecus
