Behavioursit Approach Flashcards

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1
Q

behaviourist approach

A

Behaviour that can be observed and measured, usually experimented using animals

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2
Q

Classical conditioning

A
  • learning through association
  • creates a learnt behaviour
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3
Q

Pavlov’s dogs

A
  • dog salivated at food
  • dog didn’t salivate at bell
  • dog salivated at food and bell
  • Dog salivated at bell- learnt response
    Bell- neutral stimulus
    Food- unconditioned stimulus
    Dog- unconditioned response
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4
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Learning behaviour that is shaped through consequences

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5
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Receiving a reward

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6
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

avoiding a punishment

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7
Q

Punishment

A

Consequence

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8
Q

Skinners box

A

Operant conditioning
- skinner used rats or pigeons within a box and every time rat activated lever, a food pellet would come out of box
- the box would give rat a electric shock and every time the rat pressed lever- electric shock stopped
- rats and pigeons can be conditioned the same way

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9
Q

Positive evaluation- classical conditioning

A
  • real life application- helps treat phobias - treatments
  • Little Albert experiment - shows that phobias can be learnt which helps pave the way for treating phobias
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10
Q

Limitation of classical conditioning

A
  • not all species are biologically prepared to learnt he same way
  • animals learn associations that are significant to survival needs but unprepared to learn to learn associations that are not significant enough- suggests that behaviourist approach is incorrect- highlights all species learn through same association
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11
Q

Positive evaluation operant conditioning

A
  • real life application
  • token economy system at prisons e.g rewarding prisoners with good behaviour for certain privileges - positive reinforcement - effective shows that explaining behaviour has contributed to real life app.
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12
Q

Weakness operant conditioning

A
  • skinners research
  • used non-human animals rather than humans- reliance on rats and pigeons- tell us little about behaviour- humans have free-will non-like humans don’t - lacks external validity
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