Behaviourist Approach AO1

Question 1

Assumptions

Answer 1

-born as ‘blank slates’
-behaviour is learned, any changes in behaviour is a consequence of environmental factors
-learned behaviour can be explained by two processes: classical conditioning and operant conditioning
-rejected introspection as it wasn’t based on data that could be observed

Question 2

Classical conditioning

Answer 2

behaviour is learned via association
repeatedly present stimuli together, begin to associate the two

Question 3

Process of CC

Answer 3

-UCS and NS are repeatedly paired together
-after some time, individual will have that same UCR to the NS when it is presented alone
-now called a CR

Question 4

Pavlov’s dog

Answer 4

BEFORE
UCS-food
UCR-salivating
NS-bell, no response
DURING
food=bell, UCR- salivating
AFTER
CS-bell
CR-salivating

Question 5

Operant Conditioning

Answer 5

associating a consequence with a certain action

Question 6

Positive punishment
Negative punishment

Answer 6

-giving something bad in response to a behaviour
-taking away something good in response to a behaviour

Question 7

Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement

Answer 7

-giving something positive in response to a behaviour
-taking away/avoiding something negative

Question 8

Skinner’s rats

Answer 8

-controlled box where temperature, light and noise would be kept constant
-lever on wall of box and a hopper that developed food pellet
-rats would wander aimlessly until pressing the lever
-more lever was pulled, more food let out. learned the association