Behaviourist approach

Question 1

Behaviourist approach

person

Answer 1

Watson (1913)

Question 2

Behaviourist approach

Assumptions

Answer 2

Watson (1913)
└way of explaining behaviour in terms of learning and what is observable
└psychology should be scientific
└e.g. lab experiments

Question 3

Behaviourist approach

parts

Answer 3

Classical conditioning

Operant conditioning

Question 4

Classical conditioning

definition

Answer 4

learning through association

Question 5

Operant conditioning

definition

Answer 5

a form of learning shaped and maintained by its consequences

Question 6

Classical conditioning

example

Answer 6

Ivan Pavlov
└food (UCS)→salivation (UCR)
└food (USC) + bell (NS) → salivation (UCR)
└bell (CS) → salivation (CR)

Question 7

Operant conditioning

example

Answer 7

BF Skinner (1953)
└positive reinforcement
└positive behaviour= reward
└increase likelihood of behaviour being repeated
└negative reinforcement
└positive behaviour= avoid consequence
└increase likelihood of behaviour being repeated
└punishment
└negative behaviour= consequence
└decrease likelihood of behaviour being repeated
└e.g. skinners box

Question 8

Behaviourist approach

strengths (2)

Answer 8

Scientific credibility
└scientific processes
└e.g. objectivity, replication
└= greater credibility and status

Real life application
└operant conditioning
  └token economy systems
    └in prisons/psych wards
└classical conditioning
  └treating phobias

Question 9

Behaviourist approach

limitations (2)

Answer 9

Ethical issues- animals
└e.g. skinner box
└animals subjected to stressful conditions
└may have affected how they reacted= invalid results

Environmental determinism
└believe all behaviour is determined by past conditioned experiences
└skinner- free will is just an illusion

Question 10

Behaviourist approach

ALL people

Answer 10

Watson (1913)
Pavlov
Skinner (1953)