Behaviourist Approach

Question 1

Pavlov’s Research - Classical Conditioning

Answer 1

After: Bell (CS) > Salivation (CR)

Question 2

Skinner’s Research - Operant Conditioning

Answer 2

Rat press lever: reward / stop electric shock
Desirable consequences = reward for behaviour

Question 3

Operant Conditioning - 3 types of reinforcement

Answer 3

Positive reinforcement: reward when behaviour preformed
Negative Reinforcement: avoiding something unpleasant when behaviour preformed
Punishment: unpleasant consequence of behaviour (decrease it being repeated)

Question 4

Well-controlled research - Strength

Answer 4

E: Measured observable behaviour in controlled lab setting
> Broken behaviour down into stimulus response units
E: Scientific Credibility

Question 5

Laws of learning - real world application

Answer 5

E: Token economy system
Token reward: appropriate behaviour
= privileges in prison
E: Increase value of approach, widespread application

Question 6

Ethical Issues - Limitation

Answer 6

E: Skinners box - animal in harsh conditions, always hungry
E: some argue: enormous benefits of experiment outweigh harm of animals