behaviourist approach Flashcards

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1
Q

when did the behaviourist approach emerge?

A

1913 - early 20th century

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2
Q

who are the key behaviourist psychologists

A

watson, pavlov + skinner

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3
Q

what are the assumptions of behaviourism

A

all behaviour is learned through the process of classical conditioning and operant conditioning

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4
Q

what is classical conditioning - pavlov

A

learning through association
creating an association between a naturally existing stimulus and a previously neutral one

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5
Q

what is operant conditioning - skinner

A

learning through reinforcement and punishment
learning through consequences

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6
Q

what concepts did pavlov use to explain classical conditioning

A

unconditioned stimulus
unconditioned response
neutral stimulus
conditioned stimulus
conditioned response

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7
Q

what was pavlovs research

A

food to dog = salivate
rang bell + food everytime to do
dog learned bell = food
dog associated bell with food
bell rings = dog salivates

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8
Q

what are the 3 different types of consequences of behaviour

A

positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
punishment

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9
Q

what is positive reinforcement

A

a reward when a certain behaviours is performed
increases likelihood of a behaviour being repeated

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10
Q

what is negative reinforcement

A

animal or human avoids something unpleasant
increases the likelihood of a behaviour being repeated

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11
Q

what is punishment

A

an unpleasant consequence of the behaviour
decreases likelihood of a behaviour being repeated

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12
Q

what did skinner research about operant conditioning

A

everytime the rat pulled the lever he was rewarded with food
rat then continued to pull the lever
positive reinforcement

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13
Q

what is 1st strength of behaviourism

A

scientific credibility
focuses on the measurement of observable behaviours in highly controlled settings
behaviourism has been beneficial in the development of psychology as a science

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14
Q

what is the 2nd strength of behaviourism

A

real life applications
token economy - giving patients tokens in exchange for privileges
has been used successfully in prison
can impact individuals + has validity

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15
Q

what is the 1st weakness of behaviourism

A

veiws behavior in a mechanic way
ignored the role of thinking before behaving
assumes humans and animals do things without thought
through processes affect how we respond
people may take a more active approach to learn

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16
Q

what is the 2nd weakness of behaviorism

A

ethical and practical issues
placed animals in stressful situations - may affect behaviour
shouldn’t do it if we wouldn’t do the same to humans
would be difficult to replicate