behaviourism Flashcards
What is Classical Conditioning?
Learning through association.
Who discovered Classical Conditioning?
Ivan Pavlov.
What experiment is associated with Pavlov?
Dogs salivating to a bell after conditioning.
What are the key components of Classical Conditioning?
Neutral Stimulus
What is an example of a Neutral Stimulus in Pavlov’s experiment?
Bell before conditioning.
What is an Unconditioned Stimulus in Pavlov’s experiment?
Dog food.
What is an Unconditioned Response in Pavlov’s experiment?
Salivation.
What is a Conditioned Stimulus in Pavlov’s experiment?
Bell after conditioning.
What is a Conditioned Response in Pavlov’s experiment?
Salivation to the bell.
What is Generalisation in Classical Conditioning?
Responding to similar stimuli (e.g.
What is Discrimination in Classical Conditioning?
Differentiating between stimuli and only responding to the conditioned one.
What is Extinction in Classical Conditioning?
The conditioned response weakens when the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus.
What is Spontaneous Recovery in Classical Conditioning?
The reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after a delay.
What is Operant Conditioning?
Learning through consequences.
Who developed Operant Conditioning?
B.F. Skinner.
What is the key principle of Operant Conditioning?
Behavior is shaped and maintained by its consequences.
What is Reinforcement?
A consequence that increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
What is Punishment?
A consequence that decreases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
What is the Skinner Box?
A controlled environment to study reinforcement and punishment in animals.
What is an example of Reinforcement in the Skinner Box?
A rat receiving a food pellet after pressing a lever.
What is an example of Punishment in the Skinner Box?
A rat receiving an electric shock after pressing a lever.
What is Positive Reinforcement?
Adding something pleasant to strengthen behavior (e.g.
What is Negative Reinforcement?
Taking away something unpleasant to strengthen behavior (e.g.
What is Positive Punishment?
Adding something unpleasant to weaken behavior (e.g.
What is Negative Punishment?
Taking away something pleasant to weaken behavior (e.g.
What is Extinction in Operant Conditioning?
A previously reinforced behavior stops when reinforcement is removed.
What is Continuous Reinforcement?
Reinforcing behavior every time it occurs.
What is Partial Reinforcement?
Reinforcing behavior only some of the time.
