Behaviourism

Question 1

Antecedents

Answer 1

stimuli that signals an expected behaviour or response – tidying up when the bells are rung

Question 2

Consequences

Answer 2

stimuli that encourages or reduces the occurrence of the behaviour – told off when not listening

Question 3

Positive and negative reinforcement

Answer 3

this can modify the behaviour and learning (also known as operant conditioning)

Question 4

Continuity

Answer 4

this is central to long term associations. It becomes a habit/ response forming – brushing teeth, welcome time

Question 5

Association of experience with behavioural response

Answer 5

the student’s motivation for learning is dependent on the response of the teacher – reaction to falling over

Question 6

Questioning

Answer 6

teacher asks a question, student responds, offer feedback

Question 7

Direct instruction

Answer 7

teacher demonstrates, practice together, check understanding and give feedback

Question 8

Mastery learning

Answer 8

a new approach to teaching maths. Key instant recall facts (KIRF) approach, direct instruction, feedback

Question 9

Pavlov’s dogs’ study

Answer 9

conducted an experiment where he rang the bell before the dogs were fed. After a while the dogs learnt that the bell meant they would be getting food. When the bell rang, they salivated, even if no food was present

Question 10

Watson’s little Albert experiment

Answer 10

conducted experiments on 9-month-old Little Albert. He became afraid of rats due to the noise he associated with them

Question 11

Skinner’s study of operant conditioning (Skinner box)

Answer 11

suggested animals and humans learn through exploring the environment around them and learning from the consequences of their behaviour in the environment. The individual needs to be active in the learning process. Within this he used the term ‘reinforcers. A ‘reinforcer’ strengthens or weakens the response.