Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYCH 101 > Behavioural Neuroscience - The Brain > Flashcards

Behavioural Neuroscience - The Brain Flashcards

1
Q

The Brain

What we are learning

A

-major parts of the brain
-hemispheres
-brain damage and disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Phrenology

A

-idea that different regions of the brain is responsible for specific functions
-Franz Gall (1800s)
-Bumps on skull reveal mental abilities and traits, the bigger the region the more of that trait you have
-Skull readings
-Turned out to be wrong… but right idea that various brain regions have particular functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Three main parts of the brain

A

Hindbrain (oldest, reptilian brain, and responsible for survival functions)
-Medulla
-Pons
-Cerebellum

Midbrain

Forebrain (Newest)
-Basel Ganglia, Amygdala, Hippocampus, Hypothalamus, Thalamus
Cerebral cortex
-frontal lobe, parietal lobe, Occipital lobe, Temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hindbrain and Midbrain

A

The brainstem (damage is lethal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The Brainstem

A

-Where spinal cord meets the skull
-Autonomic functions, related to survival
-Medulla, Pons, Midbrain, Cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Medulla

A

Heart rate, blood pressure, reflexes (swallowing and coughing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pons

A

Breathing, relays sensory info from face and skull to rest of brain, pain signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Midbrain

A

-Motor movements (movement of eye for example) and reflexes

-part of the brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cerebellum

A

-coordinates voluntary movement
-important for balance and coordination, fine motor control

-called the little brain
-can still be able to move if damaged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Forebrain: Subcortical (Limbic System)

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Basa Ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Forebrain: Subcortical (Limbic System)

Thalamus

A

-Sensory switchboard - relaying sensory information to appropriate brain regions
-sleep, consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Forebrain: Subcortical (Limbic System)

Hypothalamus

A

-directly below the thalamus
-responsible for body maintenance
-thirst, hunger, sex drives, temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Forebrain: Subcortical (Limbic System)

Hippocampus

A

-Consolidation of information from short-term to long-term memory
-Spatial memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Forebrain: Subcortical (Limbic System)

Amygdala

A

-Emotions, emotional behaviour
-Fear responses
-Memory for emotional events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Forebrain: Subcortical (Limbic System)

Basal Ganglia?
What happens if damaged?

A

-Planning and carrying out movement

-damage leads to Parkinson’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

-newest part of our brain
-has grooves and folds
-Two hemipheres, each separated info four sections (lobes)

A

Cerebral Cortex

17
Q

4 lobes of the Cerebral Cortex

A

-FPOT…
-Frontal Lobe
-Temporal Lobe
-Parietal Lobe
-Occipital Lobe

-Plus…a hidden 5th lobe called the Insular Lobe

18
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

-Planning and goals
-Inhibition
-Personality
-Executive functions (The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the anterior part of the frontal lobes involved in executive function, all we do to behave as human beings)
-Primary Motor Cortex (movement)

19
Q

Phineas Gage

A

-Railroad foreman in 1848
-dynamite explosion caused a large iron rod into head (4 feet long and 1 and a half inch in diameter)
-Large rod driven through head (left frontal lobe destroyed)
-Survived with temporary altered personality
-Often used as an example of localization of brain function

20
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

-Speech production and language
-Primary auditory cortex
-Object and facial recognition

21
Q

Aphasia

A

-language impairment due to damage to left temporal lobe
-result is an inability to speak (Broca’s) and/or understand what others say (Wernicke’s)

22
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

-Spatial attention and spatial sense
-primary somatosensory cortex (all sensations come from touch go to first)

23
Q

Spatial Neglect

A

-attention impairment due to damage to the right parietal lobe
-result is a failure to attend to objects in left space
-spatial neglect of left visual field or center field

24
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

-Vision
-distinct groups of neurons are responsible for detecting shape, colour, movement, etc…
-Other parts of the brain are recruited to help put all the information back together into coherent picture
-where visual information is first sent

25
Q

Left and right hemispheres

A

-depending on the task these two hemispheres interact to different degrees
-all communication about tasks must pass through the Corpus Callosum

-e.g. to move right hand, sent from left Corpus Callosum

26
Q

Lateralization of Function

A

Left: Language
Right: Spatial Ability

27
Q

Lateralization of Function

Which side of the Temporal lobe is responsible for:
Grammer, vocabulary, literal meaning, speech

A

left Temporal lobe

28
Q

Lateralization of Function

Which side of the Temporal lobe is responsible for:
Emotional content of words, metaphor

A

Right Temporal lobe

29
Q

Lateralization of Function

Which side of the Parietal lobe is responsible for:
Spatial awareness

A

Right Parietal lobe

30
Q

Lateralization of Function

Which side of the Parietal lobe is responsible for:
Reading, writing and math (involve spatial functions)

A

Left Parietal lobe

31
Q

Split Brain Patients

A

-Scientists believed that epileptic seizures resulted from amplification of brain functioning. Can we reduce this by not allowing the hemispheres to talk to each other? - severed the corpus callosum

-Both hemispheres comprehend and follow instructions
-do so independently of each other, patients now think with two minds
-if image flashed to right visual field, patient can name the object
-if image flashed to left visual field, patient reports nothing, but can point to correct object with right hand

32
Q

Do we use only 10 percent of our brain?

A

-What about the man missing 90 percent of his brain
-Unclear how many neurons were damaged
-Hydrocephalus: Cerebrospinal fluid builds up and destroys cell bodies of neurons as well as connections between neurons (white matter)
-many neurons probably compressed into residual layer
-Neural Plasticity: Capacity of the brain to modify itself, functionally, and structurally, in response to experience and injury

33
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Hydrocephalus: Cerebrospinal fluid builds up and destroys cell bodies of neurons as well as connections between neurons (white matter)

34
Q

Neural Plasticity

A

Neural Plasticity: Capacity of the brain to modify itself, functionally, and structurally, in response to experience and injury

35
Q
A

PSYCH 101 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions