Behaviour Therapy Flashcards
Behaviour Therapy
- Practitioners focus on directly observable behaviour, current determinants of behaviour, learning experiences that promote change, tailoring treatment strategies to individual clients, and rigorous assessment and evaluation.
- Behaviour Therapy has been used to treat a wide range of mental disorders and problems.
- Has been applied to may fields of research.
Classical Conditioning
- Refers to what happens prior to learning that creates a response through pairing. Pavlovian conditioning.
- Developed without any consideration of mediating factors such as thought, feeling , or emotion.
Operant Conditioning
- Involves a type of learning in which behaviours are influenced mainly by the consequences that follow them.
- Positive and negative reinforcement.
- Punishment and extinct techniques.
- Developed without any consideration of mediating factors such as thought, feeling , or emotion.
The Social-Learning Approach
- Interactional, interdisciplinary, multimodal.
- A triadic reciprocal interaction between the environment, personal factors (such as beliefs, preferences, expectations, see-perceptions, and interpretations), and individual behaviour.
- Environmental events are mainly determined by cognitive processes governing how the environmental influences are perceived by and individual and how these are interpreted.
- Self Efficacy - Is the belief ore expectation that they can master a situation and bind about desired change.
- A triadic reciprocal interaction between the environment, personal factors (such as beliefs, preferences, expectations, see-perceptions, and interpretations), and individual behaviour.
Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy
- Represents the mainstream of contemporary behaviour therapy and is a popular theoretical orientation among psychologists.
- What people believe influences how they act or feel.
- Overtime the role of condition began to overshadow the traditional views of behaviour therapy.
- Only integrative methods are more popular than CBT.
Basic Charcterstiscs and Assumptions
- Behaviour therapy is based on the principles and procedures of the scientific method.
- Adherence to precision and empirical evaluation.
- Concrete goals in objective terms.
- Replication of interventions.
- Behaviour therapy is based on the principles and procedures of the scientific method.
- Behaviour is not limited to observable overt actions. Behaviour also includes internal processes such as cognitions images beliefs, and emotions.
- The key is that behaviour is something that can be operationally defined.
- Behaviour is not limited to observable overt actions. Behaviour also includes internal processes such as cognitions images beliefs, and emotions.
- Behaviour therapy focuses on the clients current problems and the factors influencing them, as opposed to an analysis of possible historical determinants.
- Clients engaged in therapy are expected to assume an active role by engaging in specific actions to deal with their problems.
- This approach assumes that change can take place without insight into underlying dynamics and without understanding the origins of psychological problems.
- Assessment is an ongoing process of observation and self-monitoring that focuses on the current determinants of behaviour, including identifying the problem and evaluating the change assessment informs the treatment process.
- behavioural treatment interventions are individually tailored to specific problems experienced by the client.
The basic goals of behaviour therapy
- To increase personal choice, and to create new conditions or learning.
- Throughout the assessment process, concrete goals are identified by the therapist and the client.
- Goals must be concrete, clear, and observable.
- Assessment continues to monitor goal process.
- The therapist and the client discus the behaviours related to the goals, including the circumstances required for change and the plan of action and work towards these goals.
Functional Assessment or Behavioural Analysis
- Identifies the maintaining conditions by systematically gathering information about situational antecedents.
- A) The dimensions of the problem behaviour.
- B) And the consequences.
- C) Of the problem.
ABC Model
Behaviour (B) is influenced some particular events that precede it called antecedents (A), and by certain events that follow it called consequences (C).
Antecedent Events
Cue or elicit a certain behaviour.
Consequences
Are events that maintain a behaviour in some way, ether by increasing or decreasing it.
Behaviour Assessment Interview
The therapists task is to identify the particular antecedent and consequent events that influence, or are functionally related to an individuals behaviour.
Positive Reinforcement
The addition of something valuable to the individual as a consequence of a certain behaviour. The value of the reinforcer is not the form or substance it takes, through rather the function that it serves; namely to maintain or increase the desired behaviour.
Negative Reinforcement
Involves the escape from, or the avoidance of aversive stimuli. The individual is motivated to exhibit a desired behaviour to avoid the unpleasant condition.
Extinction
Withholding reinforcement form a previously reinforced stimulus. Extinction can reduce or eliminate retain behaviours , but extinction does nor replace those responses the have been extinguished.
