Behaviour Modification (token economies)

Question 1

What is behaviour modification?

Answer 1

• A behaviourist theory, based on operant conditioning
• It aims to bring specific changes in behaviour, by extinguishing undesirable behaviours or promoting desirable ones

Question 2

What is Token economy?

Answer 2

• Involves rewarding appropriate behaviour and withholding rewards for inappropriate behaviour
• Token economies illustrate the application of operant conditioning principles to adults in institutional settings
• Tokens are given as rewards for desirable behaviour, which can then be exchanged for privileges
• In theory, tokens reinforce appropriate behaviour

Question 3

What are the 7 components to behaviour modification?

Answer 3

1) target behaviours identified
2) types of tokens are decided
3) primary reinforcers are identified
4) reinforcement schedule is decided
5) exchange criterion
6) time/place for exchange is decided
7) penalty/fine for engaging in undesirable behaviours

Question 4

Monitoring behaviour modification

Answer 4

• After a target behaviour has been identified, a baseline is established over a few days of observation
• Once the reinforcement schedule commences, the offenders progress is carefully monitored
• Target behaviour is compass with the baseline at regular intervals

Question 5

Evaluation

Answer 5

• Hobbs and Holt (1976) found a significant improvement in positive behaviour as a result of the introduction of the token economy
• Easy to implement and does not require specialist training
• Prisoners may fake behaviour that they know is desirable to get rewarded