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Health Promotion > Behaviour Change Theories > Flashcards

Behaviour Change Theories Flashcards

1
Q

What are the key theories at the individual level for health promotion?

A

Health Belief Model
Stages of Change
Relapse Prevention
Information Processing

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2
Q

What are the key theories at the family/organizational level for health promotion?

A

Social Learning/Cognitive Theory
Theory of Reasoned Action
Theory of Planned Behavior
Social Support

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3
Q

What are the key theories at the community level for health promotion?

A

Community Organization Model
Ecological Approaches
Organizational Change
Diffusion of Innovation

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4
Q

Health belief model

A

For people to adopt recommended physical
activity behaviors, their perceived threat of
disease (and its severity) and benefits of
action must outweigh their perceived
barriers to action.

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5
Q

Key concepts of health belief model

A

Perceived susceptibility
Perceived severity
Perceived benefits of
action
Perceived barriers to
action
Cues to action
Self-efficacy

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6
Q

Stages of behavioral change

A

In adopting healthy behaviors (e.g., regular
physical activity) or eliminating unhealthy
ones (e.g., watching television), people
progress through five levels related to their
readiness to change—pre-contemplation,
contemplation, preparation, action, and
maintenance. At each stage, different
intervention strategies will help people
progress to the next stage.

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7
Q

Key concepts of stages of change

A

Pre-contemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance

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8
Q

Stages of relapse

A

Emotional
Mental
Physical

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9
Q

Emotional relapse

A

Getting Stuck In Recovery
Denying That We’re Stuck
Using Other Compulsions

*Getting Stuck
*faced with a problem that we are unwilling or unable to deal with.

*Denial
*Convince ourselves that everything is OK.
*Don’t ask for help
*Results in a build-up of pain and stress.

*Using Other
Compulsions
*compulsive behaviours to distract us from our problems.
*works temporarily

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10
Q

Mental relapse

A

Becoming Dysfunctional On The Outside
Becoming Dysfunctional On The Inside
Using Addictive Thinking

*Becoming Dysfunctional On The Inside:
*Overwhelmed by stress, emotions etc.

*Becoming Dysfunctional On The Outside:
*We start neglecting our recovery programs.
*Mess up at work, family etc.

*Using Addictive Thinking
*Accusing others for not understanding
*Thinking of finding people who do- old friends
*Going Back To People, Places, And Things connected to their original behavior

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11
Q

Physical relapse

A

Going Back To Addictive People, Places, And Things

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12
Q

Warning signs of emotional relapse

A

Isolation
Irritability
Taking up new activities- distractions
Bottling up emotions
Not asking for help
Not attending meetings
Poor diet and sleep

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13
Q

Mental relapse warning signs

A

Thinking about people ,places, things connected to your addiction
Seeing old friends involved
Bargaining
Lying to others about your actions

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14
Q

Prevention of relapse

A
  1. Come up with relapse prevention plan.
  2. Sharing your feelings
  3. Ask for help
  4. Self-care-Have a good diet and sleeping patterns
  5. Identifying warning signs
  6. Identifying triggers that lead to relapse
  7. Recognise barriers to success and take steps to overcome those barriers
    8.Reaffirm goals and commitments to change
    9.Physicians role:
    *explain that relapse can be a learning opportunity
    *Support patients and re-engage their efforts in the change process
    *Help them come up with a Relapse Prevention Plan
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15
Q

What are the three phases of message processing in the Information Processing paradigm?

A
  1. Attention to the message: Individuals must first pay attention to the health message to process it further.
  2. Comprehension of the content: Once attention is captured, individuals must understand the content and its implications.
  3. Acceptance of the content: Finally, individuals must accept the message, integrating it with their existing beliefs and attitudes.
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16
Q

What is the Information Processing paradigm?

A

The Information Processing paradigm focuses on how individuals perceive, process, and respond to health information through persuasive communication.

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17
Q

Why is it important to give messages in manageable chunks?

A

Messages should be delivered in manageable chunks to facilitate attention, comprehension, and acceptance by reducing cognitive overload and enhancing message retention.

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18
Q

How does the Information Processing paradigm relate to other theories?

A

The Information Processing paradigm intersects with other theories such as Social Cognitive Theory, which emphasizes observational learning and cognitive factors in behavior change. It also aligns with the Health Belief Model, which examines how individual perceptions of health risks and benefits influence behavior.

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19
Q

What is Social Cognitive Theory?

A

Social Cognitive Theory, also known as Social Learning Theory, is an interpersonal level theory that emphasizes the dynamic interaction between individuals (personal factors), their behaviors, their relationships with others, and their environments

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20
Q

What is Reciprocal Determinism according to Social Cognitive Theory?

A

Reciprocal Determinism is the concept that behavior is influenced by the interplay of three factors:

The environment: External factors such as social influences and physical surroundings.

The individual: Internal factors such as personal beliefs, attitudes, and biological predispositions.

The behavior itself: Actions and responses that individuals engage in.

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21
Q

What is the aim of Social Cognitive Theory in terms of behavior?

A

The aim of Social Cognitive Theory is to move individuals towards self-efficacy, which refers to their belief in their own capability to achieve desired outcomes or goals

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22
Q

How does Social Cognitive Theory differ from other theories?

A

Social Cognitive Theory differs from other theories by emphasizing the role of observational learning, where individuals learn behaviors by observing others, and by focusing on cognitive processes such as self-regulation and self-efficacy in shaping behavior

23
Q

What does self-efficacy mean?

A

Self-efficacy refers to the confidence or belief in one’s ability to perform a specific behavior or task successfully. It is task-specific, meaning it can vary depending on the particular task or situation

24
Q

How can self-efficacy be used in health promotion?

A

Self-efficacy can be enhanced by breaking down the task into small, measurable steps.

This approach allows participants to experience and celebrate small successes along the path to achieving their ultimate goal, such as behavioral change.

25
Q

What is collective efficacy?

A

Collective efficacy refers to the confidence or belief in a group’s ability to perform actions to bring about desired change. It also encompasses the willingness of community members to intervene to help others achieve these goals.

26
Q

What are examples of factors that affect collective efficacy?

A

Factors include:

-Adults whom children look up to.
-Willingness of people to help their neighbors.
-Adults who ensure children’s safety.
-Shared values among community members.
-A close-knit community where members support each other.
-Adults who would take action if a child engages in graffiti or shows disrespect.

27
Q

How can collective efficacy be used in health promotion?

A

Bring people together and mobilize them to take collective action towards desired behavior change.

Develop group activities that foster community bonding and increase confidence among individuals to achieve common goals.

28
Q

What is the Theory of Reasoned Action?

A

The Theory of Reasoned Action is used to understand voluntary behavior in individuals.

29
Q

How does the Theory of Reasoned Action predict behavior?

A

According to this theory, behavioral intentions precede and predict actual behavior

30
Q

What influences behavioral intentions in the Theory of Reasoned Action?

A

Behavioral intentions are influenced by the belief that performing a behavior will lead to a specific outcome.

31
Q

How does intention strength relate to behavior?

A

Stronger intentions lead to increased effort to perform the behavior, thereby influencing actual behavior.

32
Q

What are the key components of the Theory of Reasoned Action?

A

The key components include:

Behavioral Intentions: The individual’s readiness to perform a behavior, influenced by attitudes and subjective norms.
Actual Behavior: The behavior that results from the intentions.

33
Q

What is the equation for the Theory of Reasoned Action?

A

According to the Theory of Reasoned Action, behavioral intention (BI) is calculated as the sum of attitudes towards the behavior (AB) weighted by the expected outcome (W1), and subjective norms (SN) weighted by the desire to conform to them (W2).

Intention directly influences action, suggesting that stronger intentions, influenced by positive attitudes and supportive social norms, increase the likelihood of performing the behavior.

34
Q

What is the Theory of Planned Behavior?

A

The Theory of Planned Behavior extends the Theory of Reasoned Action by including an additional factor: perceived behavioral control.

35
Q

How does the Theory of Planned Behavior relate intention to behavior?

A

According to the theory, behavioral intention strongly predicts behavior.

36
Q

What are the components of the Theory of Planned Behavior?

A

-Intention: The readiness to perform a behavior, influenced by attitudes toward the behavior and subjective norms.
-Subjective Norms: Perceptions about whether significant others think the behavior should be performed.
-Attitudes Towards Behavior: Individual beliefs about the outcomes of performing the behavior.
-Perceived Behavioral Control: The perceived ease or difficulty of performing the behavior.

37
Q

How do subjective norms relate to the Theory of Planned Behavior?

A

Subjective norms reflect the belief that others think the behavior is a good idea or important, influencing one’s intention to perform the behavior

38
Q

What role does perceived behavioral control play in the Theory of Planned Behavior?

A

Perceived behavioral control reflects an individual’s belief in their ability to perform the behavior, influencing both intention and actual behavior.

39
Q

What is Social Support Theory?

A

Social Support Theory defines social support as aid and assistance exchanged through social relationships and interpersonal transactions

40
Q

What are the four types of social support?

A

Instrumental Support: Practical assistance or tangible aid provided to help achieve a goal (e.g., providing time for exercise).

Informational Support: Provision of information or advice to help understand or solve problems (e.g., doctor providing exercise information).

Emotional Support: Expression of empathy, love, trust, and caring to reassure and comfort (e.g., peers supporting exercise efforts).

Appraisal Support: Feedback and affirmation that help individuals evaluate themselves and their efforts (e.g., feedback from friends or colleagues).

41
Q

What is the Community Organization Model?

A

The Community Organization Model emphasizes the power of community participation as a tool to achieve desired outcomes in health promotion.

42
Q

How are community strengths utilized in the Community Organization Model?

A

Community strengths are harnessed to tackle weaknesses and address health goals, leveraging local resources and capacities to create sustainable change.

42
Q

How does the Community Organization Model empower the community?

A

The model empowers the community by equipping members with the necessary skills to identify and address health issues.

43
Q

5 stages of the community organisation model

A
  1. community analysis
  2. design initiation
  3. implementation
  4. maintenance- consolidation
  5. dissemination- reassessment
44
Q

characteristics and benefits of community organization model

A

*Understanding the context and root causes of health issues
➢The community has a greater understanding of issues affecting them

*Collaborative decision making and problem solving
➢Involving community in decision making allows development of strategies that will be feasible and acceptable to the community

*Focusing efforts on specific issues
➢Delegation of specific tasks to members of the community increases efficiency of strategy implementation and empowers community members

*Actively engaging participation from various groups and organizations within the community
➢Collaborative effort through multisectoral involvement

*Developing and maintaining capacity and power to produce lasting change
➢Sustainable solutions are the best solutions!

*Providing feedback to the community
➢Maintain community involvement throughout the process

45
Q

What is the Ecological Approach to Health Promotion?

A

The Ecological Approach to Health Promotion considers the relations of organisms to one another and their physical surroundings, emphasizing the need for interventions that target multiple levels within society.

46
Q

Why do interventions need to target multiple levels within society in the Ecological Approach?

A

Because health is shaped by multiple environmental subsystems, interventions need to address various levels to be effective.

47
Q

What are the different levels of influence targeted in the Ecological Approach?

A
  1. Intrapersonal: Individual-level factors such as knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors.
  2. Interpersonal: Social networks and support systems including family, friends, and peers.
  3. Institutional: Organizational factors such as workplace or school policies and environments.
  4. Community: Relationships among organizations and community norms.
  5. Public Policy: Local, state, and national policies and laws.
48
Q
A
49
Q

Define organizational change

A

The process in which an organisation changes its structures, strategies, operational methods, organisational culture, or technologies and the effect that these changes have after they are implemented

*These changes can be continuous or occur for distinct periods of time

50
Q

State theory of organizational change

A
  1. Awareness stage: Define problem
  2. Adoption stage: Initiation of action
  3. Implementation of change
  4. Institutionalization of change
51
Q

State theory of organizational change : Application of theory

A

*Hand washing: 5 moments of handwashing.
-Awareness: Spread of disease →problem!
-Adoption: Educating staff and emphasising importance
-Implementation: Instruction posters above sinks and enforcing practice
-Institutionalisation: becomes second-nature

52
Q

Diffusion of innovations

A

Diffusion is the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system

53
Q

What are the key components of the Diffusion of Innovations process?

A
  1. Innovation: An idea, practice, or object perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption.
  2. Communication Channels: The means by which information about the innovation is transmitted to others.
  3. The Social System: A set of interrelated units engaged in joint problem-solving to accomplish a common goal.
  4. Time: The duration over which the innovation is adopted. and adopted

Health Promotion (2 decks)

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