Behaviour

Question 1

Learned behaviour examples

Answer 1

Habituation 
Conditioning (classical+operant)

Question 2

Classical conditioning meaning

Answer 2

Learnt passively to associate neutral stimuli with an important one

Response is automatic and reinforced by repetition

Question 3

(3) The squirrels were observed to urinate regularly on particular trees. Explain how this behaviour benefits the squirrels.

Answer 3

• the squirrels are marking their territory (1)
• using chemical markers / chemical signals /
pheromones / scent (1)
• which reduces conflict (1)
• reduces competition / results in more food for these squirrels / the offspring (1)

Question 4

(2) Calculate the percentage of woodlice found on the black squares.

Answer 4

13 (1)

65 (%)

Question 5

(2) At first, the noise of the waterfall kept them awake at night but they got used to the noise over time. Explain this behavioural response.

Answer 5

habituation / learned response (1)

stop responding to { harmless signal} (1)

Question 6

(1) The woodlice move quickly on the light squares and slow down on the dark squares. State the term used to describe this type of behaviour.

Answer 6

innate / instinctive / inherited

Question 7

(1) The squirrels being studied ran away from people. Other squirrels that lived by the picnic area did not harm them. This type of behaviour is called

Answer 7

B habituation

Question 8

(3) Describe what is meant by the term operant conditioning.

Answer 8

• random / chance behaviour (1)
• (specific / repeated) behaviour rewarded (1)
• animal associates (reward with behaviour) (1)
• behaviour reinforced (1)
• (eventually) behaviour occurs without reward / infrequent reward / learned behaviour(1)