Behavioral Theories

Question 1

B.F. Skinner - Operant Conditioning

Answer 1

Environment determines behavior. People have consistent behavior patterns because they have particular kinds of response tendencies.

Question 2

Albert Bandura - Social Cognitive Theory

Answer 2

People learn to respond in particular ways by observing other people, who are called models. Cognitive processes like thinking and reasoning are important in learning.

Question 3

Moral Development - Jean Piaget

Answer 3

Construct and reconstruct their knowledge of the world as a result of interactions with the environment.

Question 4

Jean Piaget - Cognitive Structure

Answer 4

Thinking of young children is characterised by egocentrism. Young children are unable to simultaneously take into account their own view of things with the perspective of someone else.

Question 5

Moral Realism ‘Objective Responsibility’

Answer 5

Moral realism is associated with the young child’s belief in ‘immanent justice’

Question 6

Cognitive Theorist

Answer 6

Predominance if egocentric thought during this period - self consciousness, imaginary audience, personal fable, feelings of invulnerability

Question 7

Lawrence Kolhberg - society’s morals and mature overtime. Developmental mapping

Answer 7

Pre-conventional
Conventional
Post Conventional

Question 8

Lawrence Kolhberg - Pre-conventional

Answer 8

Children are essentially self-centered in orientation.

Question 9

Lawrence Kolhberg - Conventional stage - start thinking in terms of duty; a duty to do what is necessary to promote greater good

Answer 9

Duty to behave lawfully. People take this duty further and understand it as a duty to conform to what other influential people around them want.

Question 10

Lawrence Kolhberg - Post Conventional

Answer 10

Morality. People have to reinvest their moral sense in higher principles. ‘Honesty, reciprocity, social welfare.