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Behavioral Sciences Flashcards

1
Q

3 Neurons of the Nervous System

A
  1. motor, efferent
  2. interneurons
  3. sensory, afferent
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2
Q

Which Neuron Type is the Most Abundant ?

A

interneurons

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3
Q

2 Branches of the Autonomic Nervous System

A
  1. parasympathetic branch
  2. sympathetic branch
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4
Q

Function of the Parasympathetic Branch

A

rest and digest

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5
Q

Function of the Sympathetic Branch

A

fight or flight

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6
Q

4 Functions of the Parasympathetic Branch

A
  1. constricts pupils, bronchi
  2. stimulate saliva flow, peristalsis, bile release
  3. decrease HR
  4. contract bladder
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7
Q

7 Functions of the Sympathetic Branch

A
  1. inhibit digestion, bladder contraction
  2. increase HR
  3. relax bronchi
  4. dilate pupils
  5. piloerection or sweating
  6. stimulate orgasm, glucose production/release
  7. secrete nor/adrenaline
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8
Q

3 Brain Regions

A
  1. hindbrain
  2. midbrain
  3. forebrain
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9
Q

3 Features of the Hindbrain

A
  1. cerebellum
  2. medulla oblongata
  3. reticular formation
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10
Q

2 Features of the Midbrain

A
  1. superior colliculus
  2. inferior colliculus
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11
Q

5 Features of the Forebrain

A
  1. thalamus
  2. hypothalamus
  3. basal ganglia
  4. limbic system
  5. cerebral cortex {4 lobes}
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12
Q

Thalamus

A

relay station for sensory information

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13
Q

Hypothalamus

A

maintains homeostasis

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14
Q

The Hypothalamus Integrates with what to Maintain Homeostasis ?

A

with endo system through the hypophyseal portal system that connects to the anterior pituitary

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15
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

smoothens movements and helps maintain postural stability

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16
Q

Limbic System

A

controls emotion/memory

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17
Q

4 Features of the Limbic System

A
  1. septal nuclei - pleasure-seeking
  2. amygdala - fear/aggression
  3. hippocampus - memory
  4. fornix - communication within the limbic system
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18
Q

The Cerebral Cortex has what Features ?

A

has 4 lobes
1. frontal lobe
2. parietal lobe
3. occipital lobe
4. temporal lobe

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19
Q

5 Functions of the Frontal Lobe

A
  1. executive function
  2. impulse control
  3. long-term planning {prefrontal cortex}
  4. motor function {primary motor cortex}
  5. speech production {Broca’s area}
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20
Q

2 Functions of the Parietal Lobe

A
  1. sensation of touch, pressure, temp, pain {somatosensory cortex}
  2. spatial processing, orientation and manipulation
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21
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

visual processing

22
Q

3 Functions of the Temporal Lobe

A
  1. speech perception {Wernicke’s area}
  2. sound processing {auditory cortex}
  3. emotion/memory {limbic system}
23
Q

6 Methods of Mapping the Brain

A
  1. CT
  2. PET
  3. MRI
  4. fMRI
  5. rCBF
  6. EEG
24
Q

3 Functions of Acetylcholine

A
  1. voluntary muscle control
  2. parasympathetic branch
  3. attention/alertness
25
Q

2 Functions of Epi/Norepinephrine

A
  1. fight or flight responses
  2. wakefulness/alertness
26
Q

2 Functions of Dopamine

A
  1. smooth movements
  2. postural stability
27
Q

4 Functions of Serotonin

A
  1. mood
  2. sleep
  3. eating
  4. dreaming
28
Q

GABA, Glycine

A

brain stabilization

29
Q

Glutamate

A

brain excitation

30
Q

Endorphins

A

natural painkillers

31
Q

Nature vs Nurture

A

nature is genetics influencing behavior while nurture is environment influencing behavior

32
Q

3 Ways Nature vs Nurture is Studied

A
  1. family studies
  2. twin studies
  3. adoption studies
33
Q

Sensation

A

the conversion of physical stimuli into neurological signals

34
Q

Perception

A

the processing of sensory information

35
Q

What is the Function of Sensory Receptors ?

A

respond to stimuli and trigger action potentials

36
Q

Where do Sensory Neurons Transmit Information ?

A

transmit info from the receptors to the CNS

37
Q

Where are Sensory Stimuli Transmitted ?

A

to projection areas in the brain

38
Q

Threshold

A

minimum stimulus required to cause action potential

39
Q

JND

A

minimum change required to perceive 2 different stimuli

40
Q

Weber’s Law

A

the JND between 2 stimuli is a function of the magnitude of the original stimulus

41
Q

Signal Detection Theory

A

studies the effects of non sensory factors on perception of stimuli

42
Q

3 Non sensory Factors used in Signal Detection Theory

A
  1. experiencies
  2. motives
  3. expectations
43
Q

How is the Response Bias Examined ?

A

using signal detection experiments

44
Q

How many Outcomes are Included in the Response Bias ?

A

4 outcomes

45
Q

4 Outcomes of the Response Bias

A
  1. hits
  2. misses
  3. false alarms
  4. correct negatives
46
Q

Vision

A

the eye detects light in the form of photons

47
Q

7 Steps to the Visual Pathway

A
  1. retina
  2. optic nerve
  3. optic chiasm
  4. optic tracts
  5. LGN of thalamus
  6. visual radiations
  7. visual cortex
48
Q

Cochlea

A

detects sound

49
Q

Saccule/Utricle

A

detect linear acceleration

50
Q

Semicircular Canals

A

detect rotational acceleration

51
Q

4 Steps to the Auditory Pathway

A
  1. cochlea
  2. vestibulocochlear nerve
  3. MGN of thalamus
  4. auditory cortex

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