Behavioral Science 2.2 Psychological Theories Flashcards
Which theory views behavior as influenced by childhood experiences and unconscious desires?
Psychoanalytic Theory
Libido
Natural energy source fueling mechanisms of the mind
“Life instinct”
What happens if Libido becomes fixed at one developmental stage?
The individual becomes stuck in that developmental stage
Which theorists are proponents of psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung
Describe the Id in terms of psychoanalysis
Part of the unconscious mind focusing on Immediate gratification
Pleasure principle
“I want”
Describe the Superego in terms of psychoanalysis
Moral oversight representing societal values
Partially conscious mind and part unconscious
“I should”
Describe the Ego in terms of psychoanalysis
The conscious mind that mediates the Id and Superego
Reality principle
“I will”
Wish fulfillment
Individual’s mental imagery that meets the wants/needs of the pleasure principle
Daydreaming
Which theory views humans as having free will and able to actively develop to their highest potential and reach self actualization?
Humanistic Theory
Focuses on conscious thoughts and actions
Which theorists support the humanistic theory?
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
Inferiority complex
Sense of incompleteness and imperfection driving each individual
Fictional finalist
Motivation from expectations of future experiences
What is the Jungian archetype for collective behavior ANIMA?
Repressed female qualities in males
“Man’s inner woman”
What is the Jungian archetype for collective behavior ANIMUS?
Repressed male qualities in females
“Woman’s inner man”
What is the Jungian archetype for collective behavior SHADOW ARCHETYPE?
Socially reprehensible thoughts
What is the Jungian archetype for collective behavior PERSONA?
Parts we represent to the world as us
“Mask for public viewing”
What is the Jungian archetype for collective behavior SELF?
Collective unconscious of an individual
What is the concept proposed by Carl Rogers as a place where we feel free to be our genuine true selves and feel acceptance/unconditional positive regard from others?
Growth Promoting Climate
Must be met to reach self-actualization
Incongruence
Felt if situation contradicts self-concepts
What is the goal of person centered therapy?
Provide an environment to help clients accept and learn from emotional reactions
What theory views behavior and personality as inherited?
Biologic theory
Social Potency
The degree to which a person assumes leadership and mastery roles in a social situation
Traditionalism
Tendency to follow the lead of an authority in a social situation
Temperament
An individual’s innate disposition
Which theorist views personality as being determined by three brain systems and what theory does this fall under?
Alan Gray
Biologic theory
Which theory describes behavior rather than focusing on its origins
Trait theory
Allport’s trait theory
4500 different traits with some more important than others
Cardinal traits dominate personality
Central traits are the main traits forming personalities
Secondary traits are variable depending on circumstance
Roger Cattel’s trait theory
16 traits used to characterize individuals
Factor analysis of traits
Narrows a wider set of traits into smaller more representative and significant subsets
Surface traits
Evident in behavior
Source traits
Abstract factors underlying personality and behavior
Esyencks trait theory
There are 3 major traits, 2 of which everyone has to certain degrees
- Extroversion
- Neuroticism
- Psychoticism (not everyone)
What are the Big 5 personality traits?
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
Which theory states that individuals are influenced by their environment and focuses on observable behavior?
Behaviorism
Which theory bridges behaviorism and psychoanalysis and views thinking as behavior?
Cognitive theory
What were the results of Banduras Bono doll experiment?
Showed children learn through observation
Learning performance distinction
Just because you learn something doesn’t mean you are going to perform it
What are the 4 factors of Banduras social cognitive theory?
Attention
Memory
Imitation
Motivated to replicate
What is the focus of cognitive behavioral therapy?
Feeling and behaviors are reactions to a persons thoughts about actual events
Which defense mechanism involves pretending the problem is not true?
Denial
Which defense mechanism involves the transfer of the problem to another person?
Projection
What occurs in projective identification?
Individual starts to believe and act the way they are being projected onto
What defense mechanism involves an indirect way of expressing feelings?
Passive agression
What defense mechanism involves separating emotion from the problem and making it more academic?
Intellectualization
What defense mechanism involves using false logic to explain a perception or behavior?
Rationalization
What defense mechanism involves slipping into a behavior of an earlier developmental stage?
Regression
What defense mechanism involves unconsciously pushing an undesirable though out of the conscious mind?
Repression
What defense mechanism involves transferring an emotional feeling to an easier target?
Displacement
What defense mechanism involves focusing on funny aspects of a painful situation?
Humor
What defense mechanism involves channeling negative feelings into positive activity?
Sublimation
What defense mechanism involves the conscious pushing of thoughts out of mind?
Suppression
What defense mechanism involves forgetting about one’s own problems and finding joy in serving others?
Altruism
What defense mechanism involves expressing the opposite emotion to the one they actually feel?
Reaction formation
