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MCAT Prep > Behavioral Science 2.2 Psychological Theories > Flashcards

Behavioral Science 2.2 Psychological Theories Flashcards

1
Q

Which theory views behavior as influenced by childhood experiences and unconscious desires?

A

Psychoanalytic Theory

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2
Q

Libido

A

Natural energy source fueling mechanisms of the mind

“Life instinct”

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3
Q

What happens if Libido becomes fixed at one developmental stage?

A

The individual becomes stuck in that developmental stage

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4
Q

Which theorists are proponents of psychoanalysis?

A

Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung

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5
Q

Describe the Id in terms of psychoanalysis

A

Part of the unconscious mind focusing on Immediate gratification

Pleasure principle

“I want”

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6
Q

Describe the Superego in terms of psychoanalysis

A

Moral oversight representing societal values

Partially conscious mind and part unconscious

“I should”

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7
Q

Describe the Ego in terms of psychoanalysis

A

The conscious mind that mediates the Id and Superego

Reality principle

“I will”

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8
Q

Wish fulfillment

A

Individual’s mental imagery that meets the wants/needs of the pleasure principle

Daydreaming

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9
Q

Which theory views humans as having free will and able to actively develop to their highest potential and reach self actualization?

A

Humanistic Theory

Focuses on conscious thoughts and actions

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10
Q

Which theorists support the humanistic theory?

A

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow

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11
Q

Inferiority complex

A

Sense of incompleteness and imperfection driving each individual

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12
Q

Fictional finalist

A

Motivation from expectations of future experiences

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13
Q

What is the Jungian archetype for collective behavior ANIMA?

A

Repressed female qualities in males

“Man’s inner woman”

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14
Q

What is the Jungian archetype for collective behavior ANIMUS?

A

Repressed male qualities in females

“Woman’s inner man”

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15
Q

What is the Jungian archetype for collective behavior SHADOW ARCHETYPE?

A

Socially reprehensible thoughts

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16
Q

What is the Jungian archetype for collective behavior PERSONA?

A

Parts we represent to the world as us

“Mask for public viewing”

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17
Q

What is the Jungian archetype for collective behavior SELF?

A

Collective unconscious of an individual

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18
Q

What is the concept proposed by Carl Rogers as a place where we feel free to be our genuine true selves and feel acceptance/unconditional positive regard from others?

A

Growth Promoting Climate

Must be met to reach self-actualization

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19
Q

Incongruence

A

Felt if situation contradicts self-concepts

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20
Q

What is the goal of person centered therapy?

A

Provide an environment to help clients accept and learn from emotional reactions

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21
Q

What theory views behavior and personality as inherited?

A

Biologic theory

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22
Q

Social Potency

A

The degree to which a person assumes leadership and mastery roles in a social situation

23
Q

Traditionalism

A

Tendency to follow the lead of an authority in a social situation

24
Q

Temperament

A

An individual’s innate disposition

25
Q

Which theorist views personality as being determined by three brain systems and what theory does this fall under?

A

Alan Gray

Biologic theory

26
Q

Which theory describes behavior rather than focusing on its origins

A

Trait theory

27
Q

Allport’s trait theory

A

4500 different traits with some more important than others

Cardinal traits dominate personality
Central traits are the main traits forming personalities
Secondary traits are variable depending on circumstance

28
Q

Roger Cattel’s trait theory

A

16 traits used to characterize individuals

29
Q

Factor analysis of traits

A

Narrows a wider set of traits into smaller more representative and significant subsets

30
Q

Surface traits

A

Evident in behavior

31
Q

Source traits

A

Abstract factors underlying personality and behavior

32
Q

Esyencks trait theory

A

There are 3 major traits, 2 of which everyone has to certain degrees

  1. Extroversion
  2. Neuroticism
  3. Psychoticism (not everyone)
33
Q

What are the Big 5 personality traits?

A

Openness
Conscientiousness
Extroversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

34
Q

Which theory states that individuals are influenced by their environment and focuses on observable behavior?

A

Behaviorism

35
Q

Which theory bridges behaviorism and psychoanalysis and views thinking as behavior?

A

Cognitive theory

36
Q

What were the results of Banduras Bono doll experiment?

A

Showed children learn through observation

37
Q

Learning performance distinction

A

Just because you learn something doesn’t mean you are going to perform it

38
Q

What are the 4 factors of Banduras social cognitive theory?

A

Attention
Memory
Imitation
Motivated to replicate

39
Q

What is the focus of cognitive behavioral therapy?

A

Feeling and behaviors are reactions to a persons thoughts about actual events

40
Q

Which defense mechanism involves pretending the problem is not true?

A

Denial

41
Q

Which defense mechanism involves the transfer of the problem to another person?

A

Projection

42
Q

What occurs in projective identification?

A

Individual starts to believe and act the way they are being projected onto

43
Q

What defense mechanism involves an indirect way of expressing feelings?

A

Passive agression

44
Q

What defense mechanism involves separating emotion from the problem and making it more academic?

A

Intellectualization

45
Q

What defense mechanism involves using false logic to explain a perception or behavior?

A

Rationalization

46
Q

What defense mechanism involves slipping into a behavior of an earlier developmental stage?

A

Regression

47
Q

What defense mechanism involves unconsciously pushing an undesirable though out of the conscious mind?

A

Repression

48
Q

What defense mechanism involves transferring an emotional feeling to an easier target?

A

Displacement

49
Q

What defense mechanism involves focusing on funny aspects of a painful situation?

A

Humor

50
Q

What defense mechanism involves channeling negative feelings into positive activity?

A

Sublimation

51
Q

What defense mechanism involves the conscious pushing of thoughts out of mind?

A

Suppression

52
Q

What defense mechanism involves forgetting about one’s own problems and finding joy in serving others?

A

Altruism

53
Q

What defense mechanism involves expressing the opposite emotion to the one they actually feel?

A

Reaction formation

MCAT Prep (2 decks)

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