Behavioral Science 2.1 Needs, Motivation & Attitude Flashcards
Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Motivation
Intrinsic: forces internal to goals
Extrinsic: forces external to goals
Which theory of motivation emphasizes logical thinking, rationality and decision making?
Cognitive Approach
Which theory of motivation focuses on behavior as influenced by personal factors, environment and behavior?
Social Cognitive Theory
Reciprocal Determinism
Interactions between behaviors, personal factors and environmental factors. A person shapes and is shaped by their environment.
Key feature of social cognitive theory
Which theory of motivations focuses on motivation in terms of innate instincts encoded in genes?
Evolutionary Approach
Drive-Reduction Theory
Motivation based on desire to reduce drives
What are drives as discussed in the Drive-Reduction theory?
A state of arousal/discomfort triggered by physiological and biological needs.
Homeostasis > Lack of Homeostasis > Need > Drive > Motivation to Reduce Drive > Homeostasis Reestablished
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Individuals fulfill basic needs before higher level needs
Describe the order of needs according to Maslow’s hierarchy
Physiological > safety > belonging & love > esteem > self-actualization
Which theory states we have 3 universal needs? What are these needs?
Self-Determination Theory
Autonomy, competence and relatedness
Which theory focuses on a reward serving as motivation for a behavior?
Incentive theory
If the behavior is rewarded it will continue to occur
Which theory states that the amount of motivation needed to reach a goal depends on how much the individual expects to succeed and how much they value reaching their goal?
Expectancy-value theory
How does the lateral hypothalamus contribute to the hunger cycle?
Signals hunger via release of ghrelin to stimulate appetite
How does the ventromedial hypothalamus function in the hunger cycle?
Signals feeling full to stop eating via release of leptin which suppresses appetite
Describe the order of events in the sexual response cycle
- Excitement
- Plateau
- Orgasm
- Refractory period (men)
- Resolution
What is transgenesis used for? What genes are involved?
Altering the genotype of an organism to study genetic influence
Knockout genes: genes that are removed
Exogenous genes: genes outside the transcribed genes
Attitude
A learned tendency to respond to an object in a positive/negative way
ABC Model of Attitude
Affect: emotional component
Behavior: action component
Cognitive: thought component
Which theory of attitude focuses on the role models an individual has and their willingness to engage in risky behavior?
Prototype Willingness Model
Which theory of attitude looks at how people respond to persuasive messages?
Elaboration Likelihood Model
What are the two routes of information processing within the Elaboration likelihood model?
Central route: focuses on the content of the argument
Peripheral route: focuses on the superficial secondary characteristics of the message
Which theory focuses on decision making based on the implications and intentions of actions?
Theory of Planned Behavior
Attitude to Behavior Process Model
EVENT influences ATTITUDE which influences BEHAVIOR
Which theory of attitude states that attitudes serve functions of knowledge, ego expression, adaptation and ego defense?
Functional Attitudes Theory
Foot in the door theory
Agreeing to small requests increases the likelihood of an individual agreeing to a second larger request
Role playing
Acting like a specific role over time leads an individual to feel like they are in that role
What are the three characteristics involved in persuasion theory?
Message: properties of the message
Source: characteristics of the speaker and venue
Target: characteristics of the person receiving the message (attitudes and beliefs that influence the reception of the message)
