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Pharmacology > Behavior Modifying Drugs > Flashcards

Behavior Modifying Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

what is the biogenic amine hypothesis of mood?

A
  • Depression is a heterogenousdisorder
  • Biogenic amine hypothesis theory
    • Reduction in NE and 5-HT levels might be a causative factor in depression
  • Treatment strategies
    • Agents that enhance the actions of these monoamines are efficacious in the treatment of depression
      • Very effective and advantageous
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2
Q

Explain the mechanism of Benzodiazepines

A

The goal is to decrease anxiety

Enhancement of the GABAergic neurotransmission through stimulation of GABAa receptors, hence resulting in membrane hyperpolarization by enhancement of GABA mediated chloride conductance

site of action: cerebral cortex, limbic system, and thalamus

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3
Q

What are the pharmacological effects of Benzodiazepines?

A
  • Lack of behavioral specificity
  • Exhibit dose dependent but minimal CNS depressant effects

Actions:

  • Low doese: mild sedatives
  • Moderate doses: Anti-anxiety agents
  • High doses: hypnotics

Decreased anxiety, fear and aggression and noise phobia.

Good choice for acute treatment of anxiety disorders on a short term basis

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4
Q

What are advantages of using Benzodiazepines?

A

Can be used in combination with TCAs or SSRIs to improve clinical outcome

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5
Q

What are adverse effects of Benzodiazepines?

A
  • You should gradually wean them off the drug
  • May cause physical addiction
  • Ataxia
  • Liver Failure

Disadvantages

  • Amnestic effects may interfere with behavior modification therapy.
  • Contraindicated in aggressive patients due to paradoxical excitability
    • in cases fear or anxiety is masking aggressive behavior, then BDZ’s can lead to disinhibition and can increase aggression
  • Prone to abuse by humans
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6
Q

What are theraputic uses for Diazepam (Valium)

A

Treatment of anxiety

Les effective in the treatment of storm phobia and separation anxiety as compared to alprazolam

Treatement of urine spraying behavior in cats

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7
Q

What are adverse effects for Diazepam (Valium)

A

Hepatic necrosis in cats

Concurrent administration with cytochrome P-450 metabolizing drugs may reduce drug metabolism.

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8
Q

What drug is more theraputic?

Diazepam or Alprazolam?

A

Alprazolam- this has increased efficacy

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9
Q

What is Alprazolam

A

This is considered a Benzodiazepines

  • Useful for the treatment of acute fear situations
  • Good choice for treating panic disorders in dogs
    • Combination of Alprazolam and Clomipramine is beneficial in treatment of storm phobia
  • Physical dependence
  • Withdrawl should be gradual otherwise anziety tremors or seizures may occur
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10
Q

What are adverse effects of Alprazolam?

A

Should not be given concurrently with drugs that inhibit the cytochrome P-450 system including ketoconazole and itraconazole

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11
Q

Explain the theraputic uses for Oxazepam

A
  • This is an effective appetite stimulant in cats
  • Can be used in patients with compromised liver function and in aged canine subjects
    • ​This drug is a metabolite from Diazepam, and reduces the need for hepatic metabolization

This will be an exam question

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12
Q

What are the theraputic uses for Lorazepam

A

slower onset of action but has a sustained release

This is used to treat intercat aggression- victim cat

(treat the cat that is victimized)

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13
Q

What is Pexion for?

A

This is a drug used for its theraputic effect for noise aversion.

This is related to fireworks, gun shots, street traffic noise.

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14
Q

What is Buspirones?

include the mechanism of action

A

this is the first nonsedating anxiolytic drug to be developed and marketed.

Acts as a partial agonist at 5-HT 1a receptors

  • Located int he dorsal raphe nucleus and at synaptic termianls

Also has an affinity for D2 receptors.

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15
Q

What happens to the 5-HT release if there is a 5HT1A agonist present?

A

5-HT release inc reases from the limbic region.

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16
Q

How long do you have to wait for theraputic effectiveness for Buspirone?

A

Several weeks to demonstrate theraputic effectiveness.

17
Q

What are the theraputic effects for Buspirone?

A
  • Management of generalized anxiety disorder-chronic long term illness but less successful in treating storm phobia.
  • This can be administered with fluoxetine for a combination therapy has been successfully used for the treatment of aggression and anxiety
18
Q

What are the drug interactions of Buspirone?

A

This can be used concurrently with Mono-amine oxidase inhbitors (MAOIS) and busipirone is not recommended for hypertensive crisis.

19
Q

What does TCA stand for

A

Tricyclic Antidepressants

20
Q

What are the mechanisms of action for TCA’s?

A

Block the reuptake of NE, and, to a lesser degree, 5-HT reuptake

Produces desensitization fo alpha-2 adrenergic receptors and 5-HT autoreceptors resulting in elevated extrasynaptic levels of 5-HT and NE

Blockaid of muscarinic receptors responsible for its anticholinergic side effects

21
Q

What are the theraputic uses for TCA’s

A

Treatment of anziety in dogs and cats

Pruritic conditions

Compulsive disorders.

22
Q

will you get withdrawal responses with TCA’s if you suddenly stop them?

A

yes- there would be witdrawal resposnes

23
Q

What is the time of onset for TCA’s?

A

3-4 weeks following the initiation of drug therapy

24
Q

What are side effects for TCA’s

A

Anticholinergic effects

Tachycardia

H1 antagonism (sedation)

Alpha receptor antagonism

Can cause seizures due to structural similarity to Phenothiazines

25
Q

What drug intercations should be considered with TCA’s?

A

Should not be concurrently used with SSRI’s and MAO inhibitors

Give at least a 2-3 week wash out period is required before initiation of MAOI therapy.

26
Q

What are the features of Amitriptyline?

A

Thisis a TCA antidepressant

  • Realatively inexpensive and popular among veterinarian

Theraputic uses:

  • In dogs commonly used for the treatment of self-induced mutilation and separation anxiety
    • In cats it is used int he treatment of psychogenic alopecia and excessive vocalization. Most commonly used for the management of inappropriate urination
      • Used in the treatment of severe recurring idiopathic interstitial cystitis in cats -FIC
27
Q

Clomipramine Theraputic uses

A

FDA approved for treatment of Separation anxiety when used in combination with behavior modification therapy.

  • can be used for the treatment of compulsative disorders
  • tail chasing behavior
  • avral lick dermatitis
28
Q

Amitriptyline adverse effects and contraindications

A

Adverse effects

  • sedation, mydriasis, and urinary retention

Contraindications

  • concomitant use with a CYP450 inhibitors such as cimetidine, ketoconozol or chloramphenicol may inhibit the metabolism of TCA’s

Pharmacology (7 decks)

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