begrippen

Question 1

three types of elements of TIS

Answer 1

• actors and their competences
• networks
• institutions, including legislation, capital market, educational system, as well as culture

Question 2

the four structural dimensions

Answer 2

1. actors
2. institutions
3. interactions
4. infrastructure

Question 3

What are examples of ‘Actors’?

Answer 3

• civil society, government, non-governmental organisations (NGOs)
• companies (start-ups, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
• multinationals, large firms)
• knowledge institutes (universities, technology institutes, research centres, schools)
• other parties (legal organisations, financial organisations/banks, intermediaries, knowledge brokers, consultants).

Question 4

what are soft institutions?

Answer 4

common habits, routines, established practices, traditions, ways of conduct, norms, expectations

Question 5

what are hard institutions?

Answer 5

rules, laws, regulations, instructions

Question 6

At what level do we look at interactions?

Answer 6

at level of networks and and induvidual contacts

Question 7

Examples of physical infrastructure

Answer 7

artefacts, instruments, machines, roads, buildings, networks, bridges, harbours

Question 8

Examples of knowledge infrastructure

Answer 8

knowledge, expertise, know-how, strategic information

Question 9

Examples of financial infrastructure

Answer 9

subsidies, fin programs, grants

Question 10

SF1

Answer 10

entrepreneurial activities

Question 11

SF2

Answer 11

knowledge development

Question 12

SF3

Answer 12

knowledge diffusion

Question 13

SF4

Answer 13

Guidance of the search

Question 14

SF5

Answer 14

Market formation

Question 15

SF6

Answer 15

Resources mobilisation

Question 16

SF7

Answer 16

Creation of legitimacy

Question 17

how can you see if a function isn’t preforming well?

Answer 17

by looking at the precense and the capabilities/quility of the dimensions.

Question 18

What are the 5 systemic instruments?

Answer 18

• Building and organising innovation systems.
• Providing a platform for learning and experimenting.
• Providing an infrastructure for strategic intelligence and stimulating demand articulation.
• Managing interfaces.
• Developing strategy and vision

Question 19

What are presence related and capacity related problems with Actors?

Answer 19

• Presence related: relevant actors may be absent.
• Capacity related: actors may lack competence, capacity to learn or utilise available resources; to identify and articulate their needs; and to develop visions and strategies. These are sometimes termed transition problems

Question 20

What are presence related and capacity related problems with institutions?

Answer 20

• Presence related: when specific institutions are absent.
• Capacity related: when there is a problem with their
  capacity/quality

Question 21

2 examples of capacity related problems with institutions

Answer 21

1. Stringent institutional problems may result in the
   so-called appropriability trap and favour incumbents.
2. Weak institutional problems may hinder innovation, for instance by insufficiently supporting new
   technologies or developments.