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Earth and Life Sci > BEGINNING OF THE UNIVERSE > Flashcards

BEGINNING OF THE UNIVERSE Flashcards

1
Q

There were different theories that tried to explain the formation of the solar system, but the most popular of these was the _______________

A

BIG BANG THEORY

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2
Q

Who was the first person to suggest the Big Bang Theory? When?

A

Georges Lemaître, 1920

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3
Q

This theory states how the universe began with a big explosion

A

Big Bang Theory

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4
Q

When did the Big Bang Explosion happen?

A

About 10 to 20 billion years ago

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5
Q

What were the two factors that caused the Big Bang explosion?

A

Extremely high pressure and temperature

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6
Q

2 Evidences of the Big Bang Theory

A
  • Expansion of the universe
  • Cosmic microwave background radiation
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7
Q

This was thought to be the oldest
remnant of the big bang.

A

Cosmic microwave background radiation

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8
Q

What are the 9 theories that tried to explain the formation of the universe?

A

STEADY STATE UNIVERSE THEORY
OSCILLATING UNIVERSE THEORY
NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS/ PLANETESIMAL
THEORY
FISSION THEORY
CAPTURE THEORY
ACCRETION THEORY
PLANETARY COLLISION THEORY
STELLAR COLLISION THEORY
GAS CLOUD THEORY

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9
Q

New matter is quietly but continually
appearing out of nothing from the spaces in the galaxies.

A

STEADY STATE UNIVERSE THEORY

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10
Q

Another big bang will occur when the
universe starts to run down.

A

OSCILLATING UNIVERSE THEORY

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11
Q

As gas swirled around, eddies of gas
caused the formation of the sun and
planets.

A

NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS/ PLANETESIMAL
THEORY

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12
Q

Bursting of the sun sent out the planets
and moons.

A

FISSION THEORY

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13
Q

Planets and moons were wandering
around and were captured by the sun.

A

CAPTURE THEORY

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14
Q

Small chunks of materials gradually
combined and formed Earth, then more
chunks formed the moon.

A

ACCRETION THEORY

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15
Q

Earth collided with a small planet,
producing the moon.

A

PLANETARY COLLISION THEORY

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16
Q

Two stars collided and formed the
planets and moons.

A

STELLAR COLLISION THEORY

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17
Q

Gas clouds were pulled by sun’s
gravity, then formed into planets and
moons.

A

GAS CLOUD THEORY

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18
Q

Before the big bang theory was
introduced, the ancient Greeks
believed in the ______________

A

Geocentric model

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19
Q

An orbital model that assumes that Earth is at the center of the universe

A

Geocentric model

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20
Q

What was the problem with the geocentric model?

A

Some planets seem to move
backward instead of the usual forward
around Earth.

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21
Q

Who solved the geocentric model problem in 150 AD?

A

Ptolemy

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22
Q

A system of circles that describe the
movement of the planets around Earth.

A

Ptolemic Model

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23
Q

The small circle where a planet
moves is called an _______.

A

Epicycle

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24
Q

The epicycle moves around a bigger circle known as _________.

A

deferent

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25
Who proposed the Heliocentric model?
Nicolaus Copernicus
26
Earth-centered: Sun-centered:
Geocentric model Heliocentric model
27
German astronomer _______________ then polished the heliocentric model and proposed that planets move around the sun in an elliptical motion.
Johannes Kepler
28
Kepler’s proposal was a revolutionary idea and provided a better explanation for the movement of the heavenly bodies, but it was not immediately accepted until the works of ______ confirmed the heliocentric model.
Galileo Galilei
29
The time when the geocentric model of the universe was widely accepted was called the ______________
Copernican Revolution
30
First stars after bigbang
White dwarfs
31
Age of the oldest white dwarf
12-13 billion yrs old
32
Scientists estimated the age of the universe to be ____________
at least 14 billion yrs old
33
How did the solar system form?
Through a nebula
34
A nebula is a cloud of ____ and ______ found in space.
gas and dust
35
Gases in a nebula
Hydrogen, helium
36
Dust particles in a nebula
Mainly carbon and iron
37
Forces that affect the formation of planets
Gravity and pressure
38
When balance is disturbed and changed, some particles are compressed together to form a small region or ________
a globule
39
The source of power in the solar system, which may look solid but is actually made up of gases held together by gravity.
Sun
40
______ is formed at the center of the sun by hydrogen atoms.
Helium
41
______ is formed at the center of the sun by hydrogen atoms.
Helium
42
Composition of the sun
Helium and hydrogen
43
The atmosphere of the Sun is formed by its ________
outer layers
44
Three internal structures of the sun
core, the radiative zone, and the convective zone
45
Tools to measure sun’s temperature
Parker Solar Probe and remote telescopes that employ spectroscopic data.
46
Temperature of the sun: Core (hottest) - Photosphere (relatively cold) -
27 million°F (15 million°C) 10,000° F (5,500°C).
47
The centre most region of the Sun; this is the region where Hydrogen turns into Helium through the nuclear fusion reaction.
Core
48
Between the core and the convection zone; by means of radiative diffusion and thermal conduction, the energy in this layer transports outside, which travels in the form of electromagnetic radiation by photons.
Radiative zone
49
The outermost layer of the Sun’s interior. This zone uses convection mode to transfer energy. The temperature at its base is about 2 million degrees Celsius.
Convection zone
50
Six layers of sun’s atmosphere
Photosphere, Chromosphere, Corona, Sunspots, Solar flares, Solar winds
51
It has a thickness of about 500 KM, and all the visible light from the Sun comes from this layer. With temperature coming down to approximately 5500 degrees Celsius, it is said to be the coolest part of the Sun because with an increase in height, the temperature drops.
Photosphere
52
The dark spots on the surface of the Sun; this happens because the region becomes darker and cooler than the surroundings due to intense magnetic fields on the surface.
Sunspots
53
The dark spots on the surface of the Sun; this happens because the region becomes darker and cooler than the surroundings due to intense magnetic fields on the surface.
Sunspots
54
____________ is visible as a dim red ring, and it lies just above the Photosphere. Only during the Solar Eclipses, when the Photosphere is hidden, visible light from the it can be seen. With the increase in height, its temperature increases.
Chromosphere
55
________ layer is the outermost layer of the Sun’s atmosphere, and it lies above the Chromosphere. During a total Solar Eclipse, it can be seen as a white glowing thing.
Corona
56
When magnetic energy is suddenly released, immediate flashy and increased brightness occurs, Magnetic irregularities are the reason for their occurrence.
Solar flares
57
The flow of energized, charged particles at a very high speed. At a temperature equal to 1 million degrees Celsius, the speed is as high as 900 km/s. It is composed of plasma and generally contains protons, electrons, and alpha particles.
Solar winds
58
Latin word for anything sun-related
Solis
59
Classifications of a planet
-orbits around the sun -sufficient mass for self gravity -cleared the neighborhood around its orbit
60
Revolution and rotation of planets: Mercury: Venus: Earth: Mars: Jupiter: Saturn: Uranus: Neptune:
1. 88 days, 59 days 2. 225 days, 224 days

Earth and Life Sci (2 decks)

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