Before WW1

Question 1

What was the Naval Race?

Answer 1

Competition between Germany and Britain. (1906-1914)

Question 2

Why did Germans want to challenge the British navy and start the naval race?

Answer 2

Britain relied on the navy to keep sea routes open to its empire and protect its economic interests. Germany wanted to become a world power, and Britain saw this as a threat.

Question 3

What was the main ship of the Naval Race?

Answer 3

Britain -> HMS Dreadnought (1906), was the most advanced warship.
* lead to Germany building its own dreadnought, starting the naval race.

Question 4

Who won the naval race>

Answer 4

(1906-1918) Britain built 29 dreadnoughts while Germany built 17.

Question 5

What was the First Moroccan Crisis

Answer 5

Political dispute between France and Germany. After France declared their intention of claiming Morocco

Question 6

Where was the first Moroccan crisis?

Answer 6

In Morocco -> one of the few countries that hadn’t been colonised.

Question 7

When was this? (Moroccan Crisis)

Answer 7

Dispute started in March 1905. Resolved with the Algeciras conference in April 1906.

Question 8

What countries were involved? (Moroccan Crisis)

Answer 8

France had agreed with other European powers that it would take control of Morocco. Germany didn’t know about this.

Question 9

Why did Kaiser go to Morocco? (Moroccan Crisis)

Answer 9

Kaiser wanted to promote Germany’s strength as a part of his weltpolitik strategy and to test the entente cordiale.

Question 10

Entente Cordiale

Answer 10

Alliance/agreement between France and Britain

Question 11

Why did Kaiser visit Morocco? (Moroccan Crisis)

Answer 11

Wilhelm visited Morocco to show his support for Morocco’s independence. Didn’t want France to be strong.

Question 12

What was France’s reaction? (Moroccan Crisis)

Answer 12

Shocked by Germany and thought that Germany shouldn’t intervene because they hadn’t owned a lot of colonies.

Question 13

Consequences of the Moroccan crisis

Answer 13

1) France ended controlling Morocco’s affairs, but countries were free to trade with them.
2) Strengthened entente cordiale, led to the anglo-russian agreement -> leading to the triple entente.
3) Angered Kaiser and would not back down in any further dispute.

Question 14

What happened? (Second Moroccan Crisis)

Answer 14

After the political dispute between Germany and France, rebels rose up against the Moroccan Sultan and asks France and Spain for help.

Question 15

When was the Second Moroccan Crisis?

Answer 15

March - November 1911

Question 16

What was Germany’s response? (Second Moroccan Crisis)

Answer 16

Germany was upset and thought France were going against the Algeciras conference.

Question 17

What are the 5 main consequences. (Second Moroccan Crisis)

Answer 17

1) Treaty of Fez -> France gains Morocco, but forced to give Germany a part of Congo.
2)Tensions -> shows countries willing to fight for their imperial interests.
3) Entente Cordiale -> Britain supports France
4) Division between Germany and Britain, and France & Russia get bigger.
5) Weakens Triple Alliance -> Italy did not support Germany.

Question 18

Who were involved? (Second Moroccan Crisis)

Answer 18

France, Germany and Spain => Spain & France send troops in May 1911 to help. Germany send the SMS Panther.

Question 19

How was it resolved? (Second Moroccan Crisis)

Answer 19

Germany was forced to leave due to a financial crisis.

Question 20

What was the Bosnian Crisis?

Answer 20

1908 -> when Austro-Hungary annexed Bosnia, during the Turk Revolution

Question 21

What are the 5 consequences of the Bosnian Crisis?

Answer 21

1) Increased tension between the Allies -> Russia supports Serbia, Germany supports Austro-Hungary.
2) Balkan League formed to force Turkey out of Europe.
3) Russia backs down and begins to re-arm.
4)Austro-Hungary can now rely on Germany
5) Triple Alliance is weakened, Italy doesn’t support Austro-Hungary.

Question 22

When was the First Balkan War?

Answer 22

October 1912 - May 1913

Question 23

Who were involved in the First Balkan War?

Answer 23

Turkey and the Balkan League (Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro and Serbia)

Question 24

How did the First Balkan War end?

Answer 24

Turkey surrendered after 50 days of fighting and gave up its land in Europe to be divided between the Balkan states.

Question 25

When was the Second Balkan War?

Answer 25

June - August 1913

Question 26

What caused the Second Balkan War?

Answer 26

Bulgaria wasn’t happy with the division of the former Turkish lands, so they invaded Greece and Serbia in June.

Question 27

What ended the Second Balkan War?

Answer 27

The other countries united together, forcing Bulgaria to ask for an armistice.

Question 28

What are the 5 key consequences of the Second Balkan War?

Answer 28

1) Serbia gained territory and became aggressive to other Balkans.
2) Inspired Serbs in Bosnia to join Serbia
3) Austro - Hungary worried about rebellions ( especially in Bosnia )
4) Austro-Hungary commit to controlling Serbia
5) Bulgaria resentful against Serbia - looking for opportunity to get land back.

Question 29

What was the Black Hand Gang?

Answer 29

Serbian Terrorist Organisation

Question 30

What was the purpose of the Black Hand Gang?

Answer 30

Unite all serbs and free those under the Ottoman or Austro-Hungarian rule

Question 31

When was the assassination of Franz Ferdinand?

Answer 31

July 28th 1914

Question 32

What were the July days?

Answer 32

Period of time between the assassination and the start of WW1

Question 33

What happened on 23rd of July 1914?

Answer 33

Austro-Hungary sends an ultimatum to Serbia

Question 34

What happened on the 25th of July 1914?

Answer 34

Serbia agrees to everything except one.

Question 35

What was the Schlieffen plan?

Answer 35

German plan to avoid fighting on 2 fronts (East and Western front)

Question 36

When was it created?

Answer 36

1905 by Von Schlieffen

Question 37

Why was the Schlieffen plan created? (3 reasons)

Answer 37

1) 1905 - growing tension
2) Fear of Russian and France encircling Germany
3) 1870 France-Prussian war - constructing of Maginot line.

Question 38

Why did the Schlieffen plan fail? (4 reasons)

Answer 38

1) Not quick enough -> Belgium fought back and delayed Germany.
2) Russia mobilises quickly -> Causes Germany to send 100,000 troops to the western front.
3) Germany supplies can’t keep up with the army -> lack of food and ammunition.
4) General Von Kluck changes the plan -> Fights British and French troops in the battle of Marne, and ends up defeated.

Question 39

Consequences of the failure of the Schlieffen plan? (2 reasons)

Answer 39

1) Germany is now fighting on 2 fronts.
2) Germans dig trenches to defend their captured territory.