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BDCS Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Wired glass

A

Wired glass has great resistance to impact and resist shattering when exposed to high heat. Therefore it is used in fire Doors, exterior walls, vertical shaft, and is leading to fire escapes

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2
Q

Pointing

A

Pointing is adding fresh mortar to existing mortar that is insufficient

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3
Q

Spandrel glass

A

Is usually heat strengthened glass

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4
Q

Slump test

A

The standard test measures the workability of concrete

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5
Q

Bulb tees

A

They are used in gypsum concrete construction as structural sub purlins. They are fastened to the primary framing and provide support for the form boards that receive the gypsum concrete.

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6
Q

Class A doors

A

three hour rating are used in openings in fire walls or division walls between buildings or sections of buildings or sections of buildings

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7
Q

Class B doors

A

1.5 hour rating are used in openings in enclosed vertical shafts such as stairs or elevators

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8
Q

Class D doors

A

1.5 hour rating but are intended for severe fire exposure in exterior walls and no glass is permitted

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9
Q

Incombustible material

A

A material that will not burn

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10
Q

Needle beam

A

Is used in the situation where the support load above an opening cut into an existing masonry wall

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11
Q

Acrylic latex

A

Solvent free paint and therefore prevents no flammability hazard in either storage or application.

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12
Q

Millwork

A

Shop fabricated items such as doors and window frames, stairways, paneling etc which are fabricated in a mill and delivered to the job ready for installation

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13
Q

Accelerator

A

A substance, such as calcium chloride, added to a concrete mix to speed up its setting and strength

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14
Q

Admixture

A

A prepared substance added to concrete to alter or achieve certain characteristics

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15
Q

Aggregate

A

The chemically inert element of concrete, usually consisting of sand, crushed rock, and or gravel

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16
Q

Air Entrainment

A

The incorporation of tiny air bubbles into concrete or mortar to improve its workability and resistance to freezing.

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17
Q

Alloy

A

A substance generally composed of two or more metals that have been intimately mixed.

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18
Q

Asbestos Cement

A

A material consisting of a mixture of portland cement and asbestos fiber although resistant to fire, it is considered a health hazard.

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19
Q

Asphaltic Concrete

A

A mixture of asphaltic cement and aggregates, used as a paving material, which is spread and rolled while hot.

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20
Q

Balloon Framing

A

A method of framing wood stud walls in which the studs are continuous for the full height of the building, which is usually two stories, with the joists bearing on a ribbon let into the studs

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21
Q

Balustrade

A

A complete railing system consisting of a top rail, supporting balusters and sometimes a bottom rail

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22
Q

Batter boards

A

Horizontal boards offset from the building line and set prior to excavation, used to indicate a specific location such as the corner of a building

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23
Q

Bed joint

A

The horizontal mortar joint in masonry work

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24
Q

Bitumen

A

A substance derived from petroleum or coal used to resist water penetration, such as asphalt or coal tar pitch

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25
Q

Book matching

A

A way of placing successive veneers sliced from the slame flitch so that alternate sheets appear as a mirror image

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26
Q

Bullnose

A

The rounding of an exposed edge, such as a tile or wood trim piece

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27
Q

Cant Strip

A

A beveled strip used to avoid a sharp bend in roofing material

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28
Q

Cofferdam

A

A watertight temporary structure placed under water and pumped dry to allow construction work to be performed.

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29
Q

Cold joint

A

A joint formed when a concrete surface hardens before the next batch of concrete is placed against it

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30
Q

Collar Beam

A

A horizontal tie beam connecting two opposite rafters at a level above the wall plates

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31
Q

Control joint

A

A groove in a concrete structure made to predetermine the location cracks

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32
Q

Coping

A

A protective cap of brick, stone, or concrete used at the top of the wall to prevent water penetration.

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33
Q

Dry Rot

A

Timber decay due to fungus in which pockets of dry powder develop

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34
Q

Efflorescence

A

The whitish powder of crystallization caused by water soluble salts which comes to the surface when water evaporates from briick

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35
Q

Escutcheon

A

A metal plate around a knob and or keyhole of a door

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36
Q

Flitch

A

A large timber from which veneers are cut

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37
Q

Grillage

A

A framework of horizontal members used to spread a structural load over a larger area

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38
Q

Gunite

A

Sprayed applied concrete

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39
Q

Hospital tip

A

Rounded edge on a hinge designed for cleanliness and to avoid catching garments

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40
Q

Intumescent paint

A

Paint that swells up when exposed to excessive heat and thus resists flame spread

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41
Q

Jalousie

A

A window or door blind made of fixed or movable horizontal slats

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42
Q

Jetting

A

PLacing piles using high pressure water jets

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43
Q

Kalamein Door

A

A type of fire resistive door that has a solid wood core covered with sheet metal

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44
Q

Keene’s Cement

A

A quick setting gypsum plaster used in areas exposed to moisture

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45
Q

Laitance

A

Mortar or grout on the surface of concrete

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46
Q

Ledger

A

Horizontal member supporting joists also called ribbon, grit, purlin or stringer.

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47
Q

Monel

A

An alloy of nickel and copper that is resistant to corrosion and used for roofing, kitchen

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48
Q

Neat

A

Describing cement or plaster that has been mixed with water only, without sand or lime

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49
Q

Needle Beam

A

A short beam passed through a wall to provide temporary support.

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50
Q

Perlite

A

A lightweight volcanic rock used as an aggregate in lightweight concrete or plaster

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51
Q

Plaster

A

A mixture of portland cement or gypsum with sand and water which is applied in layers or coats which harden and dry

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52
Q

Platform framing

A

A method of framing wood stud walls in which the studs are one story in height and the floor joists bear on the top plates

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53
Q

Raked Joint

A

A mortar joint that has been cleaned of mortar for about 3/4 inch back from the face

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54
Q

Reglet

A

A slot in which roofing material is inserted, generally in a vertical wall surface.

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55
Q

Shellac

A

A solution of refined lac resin and denatured alcohol used as a clear coating

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56
Q

Sleeper

A

A horizontal member used to support a structure above such as one of the wood strips between a concrete slab and finish wood floor

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57
Q

Slump test

A

A test for mixed concrete to determine consistency and workability

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58
Q

Slurry

A

A soupy mixture of water and clay or water and portland cement

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59
Q

Stucco

A

A mixture of sand, portland cement, lime and water that may be tinted and applied as an exterior plaster finish. Applied in three coats Must be kept moist for a week to harden completely

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60
Q

Terne Plate

A

Steel coated with lead and tin used for roofing and flashing

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61
Q

Tremie

A

A pipe or tube used to deposit concrete under water

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62
Q

Urethane

A

A synthetic resin from which paints and insulation foams are manufacturedd

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63
Q

Vermiculite

A

A lightweight aggregate used in lightweight concrete or plaster

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64
Q

Vitrification

A

The fusion of a clay product after firing which makes it impervious

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65
Q

Water-cement ratio

A

The ratio of water to cement in a concrete mix, which is the main factor which determines concrete strength

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66
Q

Water Stop

A

A device used at a joint as a sealant usually to prevent the passage of water.

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67
Q

Wythe

A

Each individual vertical tier of masonry in a cavity wall.

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68
Q

flitch beam

A

combines wood and steel into one member with load carrying capacity far exceeding that of wood alone.

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69
Q

cement paste

A

the active ingredient in concrete often referred to as the matrix

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70
Q

soft mud process

A

uses molds into which moist clay is pressed by hand or machine into rectangular molds

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71
Q

stiff mud process

A

forces the mixture through a die, extruding a clay ribbon that is cut into bricks by tightly stretched wires.

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72
Q

dry-press process

A

uses a relatively dry mixture that is pressed into gang molds by plungers under high pressure.

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73
Q

wood

A

the hard fibrous substance lying beneath the bark of trees

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74
Q

lumber

A

the wood that has been sawn into construction members

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75
Q

timber

A

the lumber that is five inches or larger in its least dimension

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76
Q

softwoods

A

pine, fir, and spruce, come from needle-leaved conifers which are evergreen. can be used for framing, sheathing, bracing.

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77
Q

hardwoods

A

such as maple, oak, and sycamore, come from broad-leaved deciduous trees, which shed leaves annually. can be used for flooring, paneling, interior trim and furniture

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78
Q

knot

A

a defect in wood from a branch embedded in a tree and cut through in manufacture

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79
Q

peck

A

pitted area sometimes found in cedar and cypress

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80
Q

pitch pocket

A

opening between growth rings containing resin

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81
Q

shake

A

lengthwise grain separation between or through growth rings

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82
Q

check

A

lengthwise grain separation caused by seasoning

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83
Q

split

A

lengthwise separation of wood extending from one face to another

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84
Q

wane

A

lack of wood on the edge or corner.

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85
Q

warp

A

shrinkage distortion of a plane surface includes bow, crook, cup, and twist

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86
Q

yard lumber

A

use in general constrtuction

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87
Q

factory and shop lumber

A

is used for remanufacture into products such as sash and doors and the grades are based on the amount of clear wood in each piece.

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88
Q

lumber type: boards

A

are graded for appearance and used as siding, subflooring and trim.

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89
Q

lumber type: dimension and timbers

A

aka structural lumber and timbers are called structural lumber, used for load bearing members and graded for strength.

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90
Q

fiberboard

A

is manufactured from waste paper, wood pulp and fibers. It is used for acoustical tile, sheathing, and interior wall finishes.

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91
Q

flakeboard

A

is composed of large wood flakes bonded together with synthetic resin under pressure

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92
Q

particleboard

A

is dry formed of wood particles bonded together with synthetic resin.

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93
Q

beadboard

A

is an insulating board consisting of a core of small, expanded polystyrene beads with heavy paper laminated to both sides. Major use is an insulator material like perimeter insulation on foundation walls

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94
Q

plastic laminates

A

plastic laminates consist of a base of phenolic resin impregnated kraft paper over which a patterned sheet is applied.

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95
Q

glulam appearance: industrial

A

the grade used where appearance is not a prime concern

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96
Q

glulam appearance: architectural

A

the grade used where appearance is an important consideration

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97
Q

glulam appearance: premium

A

the top grade specified where appearance is of primary importance. it is the most expensive grade and arrives at the site fully wrapped for protection

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98
Q

Ferrous metals

A

Are those containing a substantial proportion of iron like stainless steel and galvanized iron. Require a protective coating to prevent corrosion

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99
Q

Non-ferrous metals

A

Are metals not containing substantial amounts of iron like aluminum, copper and zinc they resist corrosion.

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100
Q

Wrought

A

Products are obtained by forcibly shaping solid metal to a required form by a variety of methods for example cold rolling, forging pressing, drawing, and extruding

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101
Q

Cast iron

A

Produced by resmelting pig iron with steel scrap. It has a relatively high carbon content. It has a high compressive strength but low tensile strength

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102
Q

Alloy steel

A

This steel contains other elements added for a higher strength like nickel and chromium

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103
Q

Anodizing

A

Is a metal finish applies to aluminum which begins by inserting the material into an electrolyte. The electric current creates a coating on the aluminum

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104
Q

Galvanizing

A

The most popular protection for iron and steel. A coating of zinc is applied by immersing the steel in a bath of molten zinc

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105
Q

Tensile

A

Structures able to resist wind lift and other stresses due to their anticlastic curvature and by prestressing the fabric and steel cables. Tensile structures are transmitted through the structure to ground anchors

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106
Q

Surface water

A

Consists of ponds and other surface accumulations of water caused by rain, thawing ice, or snow

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107
Q

Ground wAter

A

Refers to the water contained in the voids and crevices under the earths surface

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108
Q

Rim locks

A

Are mounted on the interior surface of the door And have square or rectangular boxes visible

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109
Q

Cylinder locks

A

Are somewhat concealed by fitting into holes drilled in the lock stile of the door

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110
Q

Mortise locks

A

Fit completely into a rectangular cavity carved in the edge of the door

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111
Q

Unit locks

A

Fit into a door cutout and are therefore installed quickly and efficiently

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112
Q

Metal lath

A

A sheet metal or wire fabric into which a base coat of plaster is keyed. It is fabricated from copper alloy steel coated with a rust inhibiting paint or from galvanized steel.

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113
Q

Lathing board

A

Referred to as plasterboard, gypsum lath, or Gyplath is composed of gypsum that has been mixed with water hardened and dried and sandwiched between two sheets of heavy porous paper

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114
Q

Magnesite

A

Seamless floors are made from a composition of magnesium oxide, sand, and magnesium chloride which forms a plastic material that is troweled to a smooth finish

115
Q

U factor

A

Measure of hear transmission where a low U factor has a slow heat loss or gain (brick wall) and a high U value has a rapid heat loss or gain (window)

116
Q

R value

A

Measure of thermal resistance in a component . Used to define the level of insulation

117
Q

Free water

A

Water held in cut lumber within the cavities of the cells. Reduces water content to 26%-32% moisture

118
Q

Bound water

A

Water held in within the cellulose of the cell walls of wood starts to shrink at this point and the strength and stiffness of the wood begins to increase

119
Q

Air drying wood

A

Takes several months and results in 10% to 20% moisture content

120
Q

Kiln drying

A

Takes a few days and results in 10% moisture content

121
Q

Grading

A

Each piece of lumber is graded for appearance or structural strength and stiffness at the mill

122
Q

Stucco

A

Portland cement that is strong durable economical and fire resistant material

123
Q

Cement

A

A product of lime, iron, silica, and alumina crushed, ground, proportioned and blended then sent through a kiln, cooked and pulverized to a powder

124
Q

Construction joints

A

Horizontal or vertical joints between two successive concrete pours

125
Q

Honing

A

Process of sanding/ polishing for a matte or slightly reflective surface

126
Q

Air entrained concrete

A

Contain ingredients that cause microscopic air bubbles to form in the concrete during mixing which give improved workability during placement and greatly increases the resistance of the cured concrete to Damage causes by cycles of freezing and thawing

127
Q

Coal tar enamel

A

Coating for anti corrosion resistant to soil bacterial, marine organisms and root growth

128
Q

Alkyd

A

A modern synthetic resin used to replace oil in varnishes, paints and adhesives

129
Q

Acrylic paint

A

Fast drying ; water resistant paint containing pigments suspended in acrylic polymer emulsion

130
Q

Oleoresinous Paint

A

Naturally occurring mixture of oil and a resin extracted from pine/fir trees and thinned with a solvent

131
Q

Scratch coat

A

Troweled on roughly and scratched while still wet using notches rage to create rough surface for second layer to bond after it hardens

132
Q

Brown coat

A

Plaster: build strength and thickness and to present a level of surface for the application of the final application

133
Q

Finish coat

A

Plaster: produced by drawing a long straightedge across the surface of the grounds to strike off wet plaster

134
Q

Fiber saturation point

A

Is the moisture content above which there is no shrinking or swelling of wood

135
Q

Keyed joint

A

A joint used between two concrete slabs in order to maintain alignment after the concrete has cured

136
Q

Cohesive soil

A

Sticky soil whose strength depend on the strength tension of capillary water

137
Q

Parging

A

The process in which mortar coats are trowel applied to exposes masonry basement or foundation walls. This is a strategy to control water leakage

138
Q

Sherardizing

A

A process in which metallic zinc dust is applied under great heat.

139
Q

Weathering steel

A

Requires no protective coating Is virtually maintenance free It ultimately weathers to a deep brown/reddish that resists corrosion

140
Q

Electroplating

A

Employs an electric current and an electrolytic solution to deposit a metallic coating on steel

141
Q

Board feet

A

One -twelfth of a cubic foot of lumber

142
Q

Cathodes

A

Are stable metals not prone to corrosion

143
Q

Anodes

A

Are less stable metals that are more likely to corrode

144
Q

Deadman

A

Deadman is a timber, stone, or concrete mass buried in the ground as an anchor; used for retaining walls over 3; high and placed 6’ o.c.

145
Q

Back-up drain

A

For low sloped roofs in case of clogging drain or ponding ; can be no more than 2” above roof

146
Q

Back up scupper

A

in case of drainage failure

147
Q

Pitch pan

A

Counter flashing allows the roof membrane to be changed without touching the coping.

148
Q

Top side roof

A

Vents allow moisture to escape by venting the space between the roof membrane and the insulation.

149
Q

Shingles

A

Tapered and overlapping, staggered in plan (asphalt, composition shingles); saw cut wood; attached with a pre-drilled holed and screw.

150
Q

Shakes

A

Roof shakes are thicker than shingles; chiseled wood

151
Q

Skip sheathing

A

Boards with intentional gaps allow ventilation under roof

152
Q

Fiber breathing mat

A

Allows air under shingles, better equalize temperatures

153
Q

Summerwood

A

Grows slower, more strength

154
Q

Springwood

A

Grows faster, less strength

155
Q

Hardwood

A

Comes from deciduous trees, used for flooring, trim, soft, more intricate, more expensive

156
Q

Softwood

A

Comes from coniferous trees, structural lumber, uglier, coarse, tough, hard

157
Q

Plainsawn lumber

A

Cuts made parallel to the grain, more likely to warp

158
Q

Quatersawn lumber

A

more expensive, cut in quarters, radially, more waste

159
Q

Free water

A

Water in wood that i first to dry, water stored in cells Once free water is gone, remaining moisture is about 30%

160
Q

Fiber saturation point

A

About 30% moisture content

161
Q

Bound Water

A

Held tightly in the cells, causes the shrinkage of wood

162
Q

Seasoning

A

Drying in lumber yard, kiln drying

163
Q

Gluelam

A

Adhering small strips of wood together, more expensive, stronger

164
Q

Cross laminated timber

A

Alternate layers of solid timber at 90 degrees, two way strength

165
Q

Laminated Strand lumber

A

Shredded wood strands glued , pressed together and glued - longer strands used; weakest, least expensive

166
Q

Oriented Strand Lumber

A

Shredded wood strands glued together, shorter strand used; weakest, least expensive

167
Q

Parallel Strand Lumber

A

Shredded lumber in the same direction and glued, cheaper, stronger, heavier, expensive

168
Q

Wood I-Joist

A

Longer horizontal span

169
Q

Laminated Veneer Lumber

A

Plywood sandwiched and laminated

170
Q

Wood Plastic Composite

A

Less Likely to shrink or warp, more weather resistant , more flexible , shorter spans between teams required.

171
Q

Oriented Strand Board

A

Long strands of wood compressed and glued; stongest and stiffest

172
Q

Particle Board

A

Smaller fibers than OSB, under used wood veneer or plastic laminate. (furniture)

173
Q

Fiberboard

A

Small wood fibers still with resin also limited to inter loads MDF.; interior uses

174
Q

High Density Fiberboard

A

Hardboard; exterior siding , furniture

175
Q

Low Density Fiberboard

A

Insulating Fiberboard sheathing; non structural

176
Q

Hardwood Plywood

A

Maple, Burch, fine woodworking, cabinetry

177
Q

Agrifiber Panels

A

Wheat Board, Rice Board, Straw Board, waste product

178
Q

FSC

A

Forest Stewardship Council; Certifies wood; wood grown using sustainable practices

179
Q

Creosote

A

Oil based, cannot be painted, bad odor and phased out

180
Q

Pentachlorophenol

A

Oil based, cannot be painted, used on telephone poles

181
Q

Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA)

A

Extremely toxic, phased out in 2004

182
Q

Alkaline Copper Quarternary (ACQ)

A

Less toxic, cannot use steel/alum. fasteners, above ground, ground contact, freshwater

183
Q

Copper Boron Azole (CBA)

A

Less toxic, cannot use steel/alum. fasteners, above ground, ground contact, freshwater

184
Q

Micronized Copper

A

Solid Powder, less corrosive, more natural, painted

185
Q

Carbon based PTI (Propiconazole Tebuconazole Imidacloprid)

A

Carbon based, less corrosive, paint

186
Q

Disodium Octaborate Tetrahydrate (DOT)

A

Used above ground, termite areas

187
Q

Bright Nails

A

No weather protection

188
Q

Hot Dipped Galvanized Nails

A

Weather resistant

189
Q

Stressed Skin Panels

A

A sheathing layer on both sides of the frame

190
Q

Structural Insulated Panels

A

Insulation with sheathing on either side, no structure

191
Q

Rimboard

A

Band Joist; Sits on top of the header of floor below of foundation Seals the open ends of the Joist Provides surface for attachment of exterior insulation, cladding and finish elements Transfers some of the load to the floor below. After the attic this is the most likely place for insulation gaps.

192
Q

Mild steel

A

Rolled hot, structural members , w-flange

193
Q

Cold-rolled steel

A

Stronger form of steel, thin calling, metal studs

194
Q

Cast iron

A

Lots of carbon, strong, brittle

195
Q

Wrought Iron

A

Less Carbon, weak, malleable

196
Q

Stainless Steel

A

More resistant to weathering (nickel / chromium)

197
Q

I-beam

A

Replaced by wide flange, american standard, less sufficient

198
Q

Wide-flange Beam

A

More sufficient, column load (square), beam load (rectangle)

199
Q

Castellated beam

A

Deeper and Lighter

200
Q

Plate Girder

A

Custom Shape , wide or narrow

201
Q

Slip Critical Bolt

A

Preloaded so friction resists movement

202
Q

Bearing Shear Bolt

A

Snug fit and movement assumed.

203
Q

Back-up Bars

A

Prevents the welding arc from burning through the flange

204
Q

Dog bone cuts

A

Deforms so that there is no catastrophic failure of the the weld or bolts

205
Q

Fully restrained Moment Connection

A

Have sufficient strength to transfer moments with negligible rotation between connected members.

206
Q

Partially Restrained Connection

A

Have sufficient strength to transfer moments with rotation between connected members

207
Q

Tag line

A

Rope attached to a member to assist the member into designated position.

208
Q

Concrete

A

Composed of Portland cement, aggregate (gravel +sand), water.

209
Q

Vermiculite

A

Expanded mica

210
Q

Perlite

A

Expanded volcanic rock, allows for lighter / weather concrete, more insulation

211
Q

Workability agents

A

Easier to work, in forms and easier to finish, includes air-entraining , fly ash, and organic compounds

212
Q

Air entraining Admixtures

A

Increases workability of the concrete and reduce freeze and damage (air pockets allow expansion) lightweight, nonstructural.

213
Q

Water reducing Admixtures

A

Less Water needed with the same workability, less water means high strength.

214
Q

Superplasticizers

A

organic, increased workability and easier flow into forms, convoluted forms and allow reduced water content and maintain workability

215
Q

Accelerating Admixtures

A

Cures Faster

216
Q

Retarding Admixtures

A

Slows down the curing to extend the workability

217
Q

Shrinkage -Reducing Admix.

A

Reduce shrinkage and therefore cracking.

218
Q

Corrosion Reducing Admix.

A

Reduce rusting of rebar, like if exposed to road salt

219
Q

Freeze Protection Admix.

A

Concrete can cure as low as 20 degrees

220
Q

Extended set control Admix.

A

Delays curing for up to Several days , stabilizer added , when mixing the batch which puts off the curing until activator is added.

221
Q

Self Consolidating Concrete

A

Smaller aggregate and pourability needed to fill in voids, used to make clean edges

222
Q

Fly Ash

A

Reduces the embodied energy of concrete by 1/3 More dense, stronger, shrinks less, sulfate resistant, decreased permeability.

223
Q

Stirrups

A

Resist the modest diagonal forces

224
Q

Reinforcing bar couplers

A

attach to rebars together end to end

225
Q

Chairs

A

Keep rebar at the proper height.

226
Q

Bolsters

A

Combination of chairs

227
Q

Shrinkage Temperature Bars

A

Helps reduce concrete shrinkage during curing (slabs)

228
Q

Vertical Bars

A

Handle compressive loads, tensile loads (wind / seismic)

229
Q

Ties

A

Prevent outward buckling

230
Q

Dowels

A

Helps tie the concrete wall to the concrete footing.

231
Q

ICF (Insulating Concrete Forms)

A

Made of polysytrene and used for insulation

232
Q

Water struck brick

A

soft mud brick process (20% - 30% water), pressed into molds, labor intensive, custom

233
Q

Stiff mud process

A

Least expensive, least labor intensive, most homogenous

234
Q

Firing Process

A

Takes between 2 days and a week

235
Q

Periodic Kiln

A

Bricks are moved into the kiln for a week and 2 days until the next load

236
Q

Tunnel Kiln

A

Continous train of bricks move through kiln

237
Q

Exterior Clamp Bricks

A

Burned , not distorted suitable for exterior application; manufactured on site.

238
Q

Undercover clamp Bricks

A

Not sufficiently water resistant, used in back up wythes

239
Q

Hollow Bricks

A

used when the voids are filled w/ reinforcing bars and grout; 40% solid

240
Q

Frogged Brick and Cored Brick

A

Considered solid; greater than 75% solid;

241
Q

Grout

A

More fluid and pourable than concrete

242
Q

Low Lift Grouting

A

Pours grout 4 feet at a time, partially cures then pours next load

243
Q

High Lift Grouting

A

Taller reinforced wall , some bricks placed at end for access to clean the cavity

244
Q

Paving Bricks

A

Used for Horizontal surfaces, superior freeze than resistance, lower water absorption rate

245
Q

Fire Bricks

A

Superior fire resistance, uses a special fire clay mortar and thinner joints

246
Q

Granite

A

Igneous, hardest, strongest, and nonporous , most permanent of building stones, fine, medium or coats stone.

247
Q

Limestone

A

Sedimentary, porous and weakest of building stones, continuous quarry, four grades, select, can deteriorate, non polluted areas

248
Q

Quartz Group

A

Sedimentary, includes sandstone, brownstone, and blue stone

249
Q

Slate

A

Metamorphic, comes from clay, has planes of cleavage, good and polished, good for paving, roof shingles, and thin wall facings

250
Q

Marble

A

Metamorphic, comes form limestone, easily carved and polished, can be cut as thin as 3/4”

251
Q

Stone Masonry

A

Stacked with mortar

252
Q

Stone Cladding

A

Attached to a building w/ anchors

253
Q

Lewis Pins

A

Used to lift stones

254
Q

Strap Anchor

A

Anchor mortar to wall

255
Q

Box Lewis

A

Alternate form to lewis pin

256
Q

Dry Stacked Masonry Wall

A

Surface bounded masonry, conc. blocks stacked w/o mortar covered w/ stucco

257
Q

Blower Door

A

Tint canvas with a fan which pressurizes the building

258
Q

Membrane Fluttering

A

Loose sheets are lifted up and down from air changes

259
Q

Expanded Polystyrene

A

Cheaper and easily worked in the field, water and air tolerant

260
Q

Extruded Polystyrene

A

More insulate per inch; water and air tolerant

261
Q

Polyisocayanurate

A

Cannot be exposed to moisture, underground, air barrier

262
Q

Closed-cell Spray foam

A

Continuous, waterproof, well underground, air barrier

263
Q

Open-cell spray foam

A

Interior only, non-air or water barrier, noise insulator, cheaper

264
Q

Glass-fiber insulation

A

Comes in semi-rigid exterior versions, cheaper, fire resistant, may act as capillary break drainage plane

265
Q

Mineral Wool

A

Inexpensive, can be a drainage plane, fire-resistant; may act as capillary break drainage plane

266
Q

Welding

A

Joining two metals by heating them above their melting points

267
Q

Soldering

A

Joining two metals using lead based or tin based alloys as filler metals that melt below 500 degrees.

268
Q

Scribe

A

An integral part of woodwork or a separate piece of trim that is cut, sanded, or otherwise shapes on the job site to exactly match the irregularity of an adjacent material.

269
Q

Perm rating

A

A measurement of how much moisture passes through a certain material in a given amount of time.

270
Q

Rabbet

A

The space in which the door closes in a door frame

271
Q

Annealed glass

A

Standard glass used in most non critical glazing situations

272
Q

Emissivity

A

is a measure of the efficiency in which a surface emits thermal energy. It is defined as the fraction of energy being emitted relative to that emitted by a thermally black surface (a black body). A black body is a material that is a perfect emitter of heat energy and has an emissivity value of 1. A material with an emissivity value of 0 would be considered a perfect thermal mirror.

High Emissivity = cooler roof

273
Q

Pozzolans

A

Pozzolans combine with the lime to produce additional calcium silicate hydrate, the material responsible for holding concrete together. By consuming the excess lime:

The strength of the concrete is increased

Its density is increased

Efflorescence is decreased

The propensity for alkali-silica reaction (reaction with glass) is decreased, or even virtually eliminated

274
Q

Creep

A

deformation of structure under sustained load. Basically, long term pressure or stress on concrete can make it change shape. This deformation usually occurs in the direction the force is being applied.

275
Q

Frie Otto

A

Frei Paul Otto (German: [ˈfʁaɪ ˈɔtoː]; 31 May 1925 – 9 March 2015) was a German architect and structural engineer noted for his use of lightweight structures, in particular tensile and membrane structures, including the roof of the Olympic Stadium in Munich for the 1972 Summer Olympics.

276
Q

Cold Roof Air Gap

A

In a cold climate, the primary purpose of ventilation is to maintain a cold roof temperature to avoid ice dams created by melting snow and to vent any moisture that moves from the conditioned living space to the attic.

277
Q

EIFS

A

is a general class of non-load bearing building cladding systems that provides exterior walls with an insulated, water-resistant, finished surface in an integrated composite material system.

278
Q

GFRC (Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete)

A

is a type of fiber-reinforced concrete. Are mainly used in exterior building façade panels and as architectural precast concrete. It can be effectively used to create façade wall panels, fireplace surrounds, vanity tops and concrete countertops due to its unique properties and tensile strength. The high dose of glass fibers leads to high tensile strength while the high polymer content makes the concrete flexible and resistant to cracking. Proper reinforcing using scrim will further increase the strength of objects and is critical in projects where visible cracks are not tolerable.

279
Q

Pantheon

A

Romanesque

280
Q

Hagia Sophia

A

Simple, Symmetrical

281
Q

Palladio - Villa Rotunda

A

Simple, Symmetrical

282
Q

oxidization

A

to take away hydrogen, as by the action of oxygen; add oxygen or any nonmetal.

283
Q

tarnish

A

is a thin layer of corrosion that forms over copper, brass, silver, aluminum, magnesium and other similar metals as their outermost layer undergoes a chemical reaction.

284
Q

Calcium Chloride

A

is the most effective and least expensive cold weather accelerator for concrete

ARE BDCS (2 decks)

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