BCPS 2022 Flashcards
What is saw palmetto used for?
BPH
What is Black cohosh used for?
Hot flashes
What is gingko biloba for?
dementia
What to do know topical testosterone?
Apply in AM, onset about 30 minutes, complete absorption in 2 hours, transfer of gel is possible, apply to upper arms and shoulders
4 stages of heart failure and what they mean?
Stage A: at high risk, no structure heart defect, no symptoms
Stage B:with structural disease; but without signs and symptoms of HF
Stage C: with structural disease: with prior or current signs and symptoms of HF
Stage D: Advanced HF
NYHA Classification of HF
What are the symptoms? fatigue, dyspnea, chest pain, syncope, palpitations
Class I: No symptoms with normal physical activity
Class II: Mild symptoms with normal physical activity, comfortable at rest
Class III: Moderate symptoms with less than normal physical activity. Comfortable only at rest
Class IV: Severe symptoms with minimal physical activity and even at rest
Risk factors for endometrial cancer
age over 55, nulliparity, diabetes, obesity high fat diet, early menarche, late menopause, tamoxifen use
Treatment -UTI caused by ESBL producing organisms
Bactrim (TMP/SMX), carbapenem, cipro, levofloxacin,
What is the standard of treatment for acute cluster headaches?
100 percent oxygen at 12 L/minute for 15 minutes
In Covid positive patients, when would dexamethasone 6 mg IV/PO for 10 days would be beneficial?
Hospitalized patients using oxygen therapy.
Medications associated with drug-induced angioedema?
ACE, ARBS, Direct renin inhibitor (aliskiren), DPP4 inhibitors (alogliptin, lingliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, neprilysin inhibitor (sacubitril), NSAIDS, fibrinolytic (alteplase, TNK-ase),
It is a result of increased bradykinin activity.
How long do you have to wait when switching from ACE/ARBS to sacubitril-valsartan
36 hours
What best reflects the Heart Protection Study?
5806 patients age over 70 years old on simvastatin 40 mg results in 20% fewer vascular events
What are the most common reactions from sorafenib in the 1st 6 weeks?
HFSR and rash (hand foot skin reaction)
What CYP enzyme is inhibited by verapamil?
CYP3A4
What beta blockers improves mortality in NY II and III heart failure?
toprol XL (metoprolol succinate)
Rivaroxaban is a substrate of what?
p-GP and 3A4
What is cost-minimization
Medications considered to be equal, so consider cost only, pick the cheapest
What is cost-effectiveness?
Natural units (mmHg, blood glucose), meds not considered equal
Interventions not equal
Measures cost in dollars and outcomes in natural health units
What is cost-benefit?
Dollars; Outcome expressed as benefit; cost or as net cost or as net benefit
- Pick the one with greatest benefit
- Have to be able to convert outcomes into meaningful dollar value
What is cost-utility?
Quality of adjusted life year QALY
- Consider quality of life
- Takes into account measurements of health consequences
Direct medical Cost
Associated with Direct patient care, example: supplies, equipmen
Direct Non-medical Cost
Cost related to the medical condition but not actual care, example: cost of transportation, child care, special diets
Indirect Costs
Cost associated with loss of productivity (loss of work- morbidity, loss of life- mortality)