BCPA STUDY TEST QUESTIONS Flashcards
Susan’s client wants to use coral calcium to treat her breast cancer. What is Susan’s best course of action?
A. Do not provide further information and respect her clients choice
B. Elicit help from her clients oncologist to convince her client continue chemotherapy
C. Make sure that her client has received accurate information about treatment choices and respect the client’s decision
D. Work to convince her that coral calcium is not a recommended treatment for cancer
D. Make sure that her client has received accurate information about treatment choices and respect the client’s decision.
Rationale: by providing complete and accurate information, advocates work to ensure the clients are cognizant of and understand all care and treatment options, including the potential risks and benefits, and available alternatives. Advocates ensure that a client’s wishes, if known, are the guiding force behind decisions affecting medical care received and medical care that is withheld.
Susan’s client Betty is interested in trying acupuncture for her arthritis pain. She needs a referral from her primary care provider to ensure that her insurance will pay for it. Her provider is reluctant to provide a referral for this. What can Susan do?
A. Nothing, as it is the providers decision
B. Recommend the Betty pay for it out of pocket
C. Inform the provider of research that shows the effective treatment of arthritis with acupuncture
D. Convince Betty that it is not that effective anyway
C. Inform the provider of research that shows the effective treatment of arthritis with acupuncture.
Rationale: advocates contribute to the professional development of colleagues by sharing information and resources for the benefit of the profession and the public.
Despite Jane’s insistence, Susan steadfastly declines to offer her nursing opinion on which treatment plan Jane should choose. Instead, she ensures Jane of the information she needs and encourages her to make the decision. What advocacy guiding principle is Susan demonstrating? A. Competent services B. Honesty C. Fostering autonomy D. Transparency
C. Fostering autonomy
Rationale: advocates foster autonomy by encouraging their clients right to exercise autonomous decision making and meaningful informed consent. By providing complete and accurate information, advocates work to ensure the clients are cognizant of and understand all care and treatment options, including the potential risks and benefits, and I’ll available alternatives. Susan delivers competent services through fostering autonomy.
When Susan accompanied Jane to her PCP appointment, she recognize the physician is someone she went to high school with. What should Jane do?
A. Nothing this is not a conflict of interest
B. Politely ask to be excused on the exam room
C. Decline the case as this is a conflict of interest
D. Referred Jane to another advocate
A. Nothing. This is not a conflict of interest.
Rationale: the patient advocate board to find a conflict of interest as a situation with the potential to undermine the impartiality of a person because of the possibility of a clash between the persons self interest and professional interest or public interest.
Susan’s contract with Jane includes her fee schedule, resume and references, and the terms of engagement, including criteria for appropriate termination of the relationship. What else does Susan need to include?
A. Details of how genes information will be stored
B. Insurance policies
C. Clear definition of the advocate’s scope of practice
D. Nursing license information
C. Clear definition of the advocate scope of practice.
Rationale: independent advocate to provide a service for a fee have an obligation to disclose their fees, training, education, experience, and credentials. Independent advocates must provide their clients and guarantors with service agreements or contracts that plainly to find the scope of practice, fee schedule, and terms. They must provide the curriculum vitae or resume and references upon request. Additionally, they must disclose any existing contractual relationships with manufacturers, distributors of products, or providers of services they used to assist clients. The contract must also outlined the projected length and scope of the relationship, as well as criteria for termination of the agreement.
Susan is visiting Betty in the hospital. Betty is asleep when her nurse comes into the room to administer medication. The nurse asked Susan if she will give Betty her medication when she wakes up, since Susan is a nurse. What is the best response for Susan?
A. Sorry, I cannot, that is outside of my scope of practice in my role as a board-certified patient advocate. I am sure she won’t mind if you wake her up, so that her medication is given on time.
B. Sure. No problem. I am happy to help.
C. No, I cannot do your job for you.
D. No, I cannot, but I can let you know when she wakes up.
A. Sorry, I cannot, that is outside of my scope of practice in my role as a board-certified patient advocate. I am sure she won’t mind if you wake her up, so that her medication is given on time.
Rationale: board-certified patient advocates who are licensed medical professionals cannot provide clinical opinion or perform medical care of any kind. This role is maintained at all times that the title board-certified patient advocate is used regardless of the relationship status with the client.
The guarantor for Betty requests that Susan sent him the last physician notes. What should Susan do?
A. Send them as soon as possible.
B. Ask Betty if that is something she would like Susan to do.
C. Demand a written request.
D. Refuse to send them since this is protected information.
B. Ask Betty if that is something she would like Susan to do.
Rationale: advocate will respect the client’s decisions concerning what health information is disclosed to others, including the guarantor, in circumstances where the guarantor is not the client.
Susan is an independent advocate. She has been contacted about advocating for Jane. Jane asked Susan to find her the best treatment for breast cancer. What is Susan’s best response?
A. I am happy to conduct research and assist you in understanding the options available to you.
B. Oh, I know just the place. Many of my clients have had great success there.
C. I will work with your doctor to find the best treatment for you.
D. I can help you find a place, but I cannot make any recommendations.
A. I am happy to conduct research and assist you in understanding the options available to you.
Rationale: Board certified patient advocates who are licensed medical professionals cannot provide clinical opinions or perform medical care of any kind. Instead, they can do research and assist the patient/family and understanding their conditions and the options available to meet their needs.
Susan learns of high rates of stage for breast cancer diagnosis occurring at a nearby American Indian reservation. Which of the following actions is most effective and demonstrating Susan’s commitment to support the rights of disenfranchised people and communities?
A. Raise awareness of hospice services.
B. Distribute flyers about breast self exam on the reservation.
C. Organize a woman’s health fair with travel leaders and ensure a mobile mammogram is available on site.
D. Petition Indian health services to increase the number of mammograms.
C. Organize a women’s health fair with tribal leaders and I’m sure he mobile mammogram is available on site.
Rationale: Advocates treat all clients with respect and compassion. They respect all patients rights through promoting the recognition of existing statutory rights and supporting the rights of disenfranchised people and communities to receive fair and equal treatment. This option provides the best chance to identify any breast cancer early and save lives.
Chain off and insist that she buy lunch for Susan after their visits. James has also begun referring her friends and coworkers to Susan. Jane has even posted an ad for Susan’s services in her newsletter at her own expense. Lately, Gina’s been calling Susan on her personal phone, and yesterday she invited Susan to go shopping with her. What should Susan do?
A. Thank you for the referrals and enjoy your day of shopping.
B. Remind Jane of the scope of the relationship and establish boundaries.
C. Thank change for the personal interest, but declined the shopping trip.
D. Nothing, unless Jane spends over $75.
B. Remind Jane of the scope of the relationship and establish boundaries.
Rationale: advocates are cognizant of situations in which a conflict of interest may arise. The conflict of interest occurs when there is a substantial risk that the advocates services will be materially limited by the advocates personal or professional interests. If Susan is not able to establish boundaries with Jane, she will need to terminate the relationship.
Susan’s client Mr. White is hospitalized with a new illness. He requires a procedure to prolong his life. He is awake, alert, I had previously created an advance directive, in which she requested that all measures be performed. Mr. White affirms his previous wishes and gives consent for the procedure. However, Dr. Strong tries to convince Mr. White that he should be a DNR and not accept the procedure because he will die anyway. What is the best course of action for Susan to take?
A. Agree with Dr. Strong.
B. Say nothing, but call the hospital supervisor and complain.
C. Demand that Dr. strong leave the room.
D. Privately remind Dr. strong of your role and politely ask her to remove herself from Mr. White’s care.
D. Privately remind Dr. strong of your role and politely ask her to remove herself from Mr. White’s care.
Rationale: advocates ensure that a client wishes if known, or the guiding force behind decisions affecting medical care received and medical care that is withheld. As the advocate, you need to stand up for your clients decisions in an environment in which there are power differentials, and providers are reluctant to abide by a persons previous decision.
Susan is a professional whose role is informational and not medical. She is committed to helping clients make informed choices, and even though she is a registered nurse, she does not provide any clinical opinions. Susan is a: A. Research assistant B. Board certified patient advocate C. Home health aide D. Case manager
B. Board certified patient advocate
Rationale: advocates act as a facilitator and a guide, providing their clients with information to enable to client and client communities to make informed decisions. They may help the client access resources and determine specific treatment choices. It is important to note that the advocate does not make recommendations for clients, nor make decisions on behalf of the client.
Susan’s client, Emily, is moving several thousands of miles away to another state. She has asked Susan for a referral to another patient advocate. Susan’s network of referrals does not reach the state. How should Susan proceed?
A. Post a question in the BCPA community on Facebook.
B. Ask other advocates if they can recommend someone.
C. Look on the PACB board website and pick a BCPA near Emily’s new address.
D. After finding a list of likely be BCPA’s from the PACB, research each one, then interview each one to see which ones would be the best qualified to help Emily.
D. After finding a list of likely BCPA’s from the PACB, research each one, then interview each one to see which ones would be the best qualified to help Emily.
Rationale: remember, Susan is responsible for who she refers to, so she will want to make sure that person is qualified. While all of these would work, researching the choices and interviewing them, would be the best option. If a client requires assistance that is outside of the advocates expertise, the advocate is obligated to refer the client to the appropriate system or resource for support. The board-certified patient advocate must have an adequate referral system in place to assist those clients who need services the Avenue a kit is not qualified to provide. Additionally, the referring Advocate’s needs To ensure that the person he/she refers to the client is qualified to help the client.
Susan accompanies Betty to her physician appointment and notices that an Asian patient is ignored while everyone else is greeted in a friendly manner. She observes that when the patient request to make an appointment through an interpreter, he is told that none are available and a provider is not taking new patients. But the person who is Caucasian and a new patient is able to make an appointment. What should Susan do?
A. Nothing, as the Asian person should’ve gotten in sooner.
B. Ignore the situation since it’s not her client and she does not know all the facts.
C. Talk about it with her colleagues.
D. Speak to the practice manager and express her concerns.
D. Speak to the practice manager and express her concerns.
Rationale: advocates respect all patients rights through promoting the recognition of existing statutory rights and supporting the rights of disenfranchised people and communities to receive fair and equal treatment.
Which of the following is a violation of Jane’s right to privacy?
A. Jane asked Susan to let her boss know her medical condition.
B. Susan keeps Jane’s medical records secured at all times.
C. Susan tells Jane’s sister about Jane’s treatment plan when her sister asks.
D. Susan lets Jane know she will keep her records for five years following termination of their agreement.
C. Susan tells Jane’s sister about Jane’s treatment plan when our sister asks.
Rationale: advocate will respect the clients decisions concerning what health information is disclosed to others (family, friends, etc.), including the guarantor, in circumstances where the guarantor is not the client.
A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_acts as a facilitator and provides information rather than medical services. A. Receptionist B. Volunteer C. Social worker D. Patient advocate
D. Patient advocate
Rationale: this is the role of the patient advocate. Advocates act as a facilitator and a guide, providing their clients with information to enable to client and client communities to make an informed choice to access resources and determine specific treatment choices.
Fee for service advocates must:
A. Disclose fees, training, education, experience and credentials.
B. Provide clients with copies of existing contracts with other clients.
C. Provide medical services.
D. Refrain from communicating with people who are significant to the client.
A. Disclose fees, training, education, experience and credentials.
Rationale: advocates providing fee-for-service assistance are obligated to present their clients and guarantors with service agreements that clearly defined their scope of practice, fee schedule, and terms.
Susan is advocating for a patient who has suddenly become unresponsive before he has made a decision regarding his treatment options. Susan should:
A. Avoid making any decision for her or on behalf of her client.
B. Make the decision for him, because it is what he would’ve wanted.
C. Inform his designated representative what she thinks his decision would be.
D. Make the decision for him, because it is the best choice.
A. Avoid making any decision for or on behalf of the client.
Rationale: fourth certified patient advocates never make decisions on behalf of patients. In this case, the legal surrogate would become the decision-maker. If Susan was aware of the client’s choices, she could then convey them to the decision maker. However, in this case as it does not know what decision the client would choose.
Farrah Fawcett had a dispute with UCLA medical center in regards to: A. Her privacy. B. The way her treatment was delivered. C. Lack of adequate parking. D. The timing of her appointments.
A. Her privacy.
Rationale: this case illustrates that no matter who your client is, they have a right to privacy.
And is having a hard time choosing among several treatment options for her breast cancer. She asks Susan, “if you were me, what would you do?” Susan’s best response is:
A. I have seen clients do well on all of these.
B. I can see that this decision is difficult. Would you like to know more about the different treatment options?
C. The decision is completely up to you.
D. I would choose the treatment with the best outcomes.
B. I can see that this decision is difficult. Would you like to know more about the different treatment options?
Rationale: board-certified patient advocates are dedicated to promoting their clients right to exercise autonomous decision making and meaningful informed consent. They strive to ensure that their clients are fully aware of and understand all care and treatment options, including potential risks, benefits, and available alternatives (Western, traditional, alternative, complementary, integrity of, or others). Advocates will attempt to provide clients with complete information to facilitate informed decision making.
Fostering autonomy is: A. Only used for people in vulnerable populations B. A common pitfall C. Not necessary to be a good advocate D. An ethical standard
D. An ethical standard
Rationale: fostering autonomy is the third ethical standard.
Robert asks his client to tell him what his goal is for their interaction. The client responds, “I need something to help me sleep. The doctor won’t give me anything.” What is Roberts best response?
A. Of course. I will call him right away.
B. I know some great home remedies to help with sleep.
C. Have you tried exercise? Exercise really helps me get a good nights sleep.
D. Can you tell me more about that?
D. Can you tell me more about that?
Rationale: Robert needs to clarify his client’s expectations; by choosing the correct response, it begins dialogue to explore the problem. Upon exploration, Robert learns that his client is worried about his finances due to a new cancer diagnosis. He thinks he will lose his house and retirement. Now that Robert knows the real issue, he is better equipped to help his client.
Robert is a patient advocate for Mrs. Sterling. Mrs. Sterling is 89. She lives alone and has family nearby, who are very involved in her life. Today, Mrs. Sterling calls Robert crying. She states my doctor put me on insulin for my diabetes. I don’t want to be on insulin. She didn’t even ask me. I just got a call from the pharmacy telling me it was ready. Robert knows that Mrs. Sterling‘s lab report last week showed an HbA1C of 7.9%. Robert exemplifies the advocate role by:
A. Arranging for Mrs. Sterling to meet with a diabetes educator to learn how to administer insulin.
B. Tell Mrs. Sterling to pick up the insulin and ensure her that people take is on all the time.
C. Ask the physician to call Mrs. Sterling and explain why she needs insulin.
D. Arranging a meeting with Mrs. Sterling, her physician, and Robert to improve understanding of the need for the insulin.
D. Arrange a meeting with Mrs. Sterling, her physician, and Robert to improve understanding of the need for the insulin.
Rationale: the patient advocate certification board states that an advocate is a professional who provide services to patients and those supporting them who are navigating the complex Healthcare continue on. Advocates ensure patients have a voice in their care and information to promote informed decision making. While Robert cannot make recommendations or offer an opinion, he knows that the elderly diabetic patients do not need to take control of their diabetes. Starting insulin with Mrs. Sterling could be very dangerous. Arranging a meeting in which all parties are present (Mrs. Sterling and her advocate) can help improve understanding and ensure that informed consent is obtained.
Due to an unforeseen landslide, Robert now needs to take a ferry to see Mrs. Sterling. This adds considerable time and expense to his commute. Per the contract he has with Mrs. Sterling, he is not able to be compensated for this. What is missing from the contract?
A. Advocates do not work with contracts
B. No mention of limitations of the work
C. Out of pocket expenses
D. The terms of canceling the agreement or not included
C. Out of pocket expenses
Rationale: make sure to address how out-of-pocket expenses will be covered. Some will be a normal part of doing business, however, others should be reimbursable. For example, mileage, if you were driving a long distance to meet the client.
Advocates respect each client’s right to privacy and abide by:
A. All relevant laws and regulations as they pertain to the confidentiality of personal information and personally identifiable information.
B. Insurance requirements
C. The rules of the facility
D. Their own policies
A. All relevant laws and regulations as they pertain to the confidentiality of personal information and personally identifiable information.
Rationale: board-certified patient advocates respect each client’s right to privacy and abide by all relevant laws and regulations as they pertain to the confidentiality of personal information and personally identifiable information.
A benefit of being clear on expectations is:
A. The advocate receives additional money
B. Happy family members
C. A strong working relationship and productive advocacy
D. Testimonials on the advocates website
C. A strong working relationship and productive advocacy.
Rationale: being clear on expectations will help build a strong working relationship and a productive outcome.
Susan’s client Mr. Goldblum lives in California. During a recent hospital stay, his picture was taken, and a social media post was made about his illness on Instagram. The hospital is penalized for this transgression, why is this?
A. The American Association of retired persons AARP guaranteed protection
B. Some state laws offer additional protection
C. Hospital policy guaranteed protection
D. His insurance company guarantees protection
A. Some state laws offer additional protection
Rationale: HIPAA standards represent a uniform, federal for privacy protections for consumers across the country. State laws provide additional protections to consumers. California has enacted legislation that penalize hospitals and healthcare organizations that fail to protect patient information.
A nurse advocate may: A. Help clients access resources B. Recommend treatment options C. Fill a patient’s pillbox D. Give medical advice as long as he/she is licensed in the state.
A. Help clients access resources
Rationale: advocate refrain from diagnosing or prescribing any medical/mental health treatment for clients, even if the advocate has additional licensure or training.
Which of the following is an allowed exception to PHI protections under HIPAA?
A. People who are famous have no PHI protections
B. Using PHI to assess quality of services
C. Informing curious family members
D. Using PHI for advertising
B. Using PHI to assess quality of services
Rationale: HIPAA does allow some exceptions to PHI protections. These include: using PHI to assess the quality of services through outcome evaluations.
Susan is a patient advocate whose client has become embroiled in conflict between family members and hospital administration. Despite several attempts to resolve the issue, Susan has been unsuccessful. What should her next step be?
A. Call a third care conference
B. Terminate her involvement with a client
C. Report the family for abuse
D. Refer the client to a professional mediator
D. Refer the client to a professional mediator
Rationale: if a client needs assistance in an area in which an advocate does not have sufficient knowledge or training, the advocate is a black obligated to refer the client on appropriate system or resource for assistance. An example would be if the situation warrants advanced skills and conflict management or professional mediation, it is outside of your scope of practice to perform this.
Excluding emergencies, which of the following is true about informed consent?
A. Any healthcare provider included nurses can obtain consent.
B. And informed consent can be given in English as long as there are family members who can interpret.
C. Starting a patient on insulin for the first time does not require informed consent.
D. Medical providers cannot treat patients without their consent, unless there is a court order.
D. Medical providers cannot treat patients without their consent unless there is a court order.
Rationale: medical providers cannot treat patients without their consent except in emergencies or under court order when patients are incompetent or minors.
Which common problem poses ethical concerns in regards to conflict of interest? A. Technology B. Preventative services C. Commercialized medicine D. Cultural care
C. Commercialized medicine
Rationale: private physicians who are paid fee-for-service can increase profits by raising fees or providing more services. Healthcare in the US is organized as a business as positions and patience are organized into a relationship that can be financially exploited.
Promoting clients engagement begins with: A. Providing information B. Self determination C. Telling them what they should do D. Empowering patients
D. Empowering patients
Rationale: before clients can be engaged, they must be empowered. Providing information as part of empowering patients. Self-determination happens after clients feel empowered.
An adult who is appointed to make medical decisions for another person when a person is unable to make decisions for themselves is a(n): A. Patient advocate B. Delegate C. Legal surrogate D. Ombudsman
C. Legal surrogate
Rationale: a surrogate is an adult who is appointed to make healthcare decisions for a person when a person is unable to make decisions for themselves.
Which of the following statements about healthcare reform is false?
A. Harry Truman tried to include the right to medical care and good health in his economic bill of rights in 1944
B. Healthcare reform began with Massachusetts in 2006
C. Medicare and Medicaid were incorporated into the Social Security act of 1965
D. Healthcare reform began with Theodore Roosevelt in 1912
B. Healthcare reform began with Massachusetts in 2006
Rationale: the first efforts at healthcare reform began with Theodore Roosevelt in 1912. As a US entered World War I, interest in healthcare reform wind. Harry Truman made another attempt in 1944 with the ‘economic bill of rights’ which included the right to medical care and good health. To provide healthcare for the elderly, Medicare and Medicaid for incorporated into the Social Security act in 1965. Massachusetts was the inspiration for the affordable care act, but it was not the beginning of healthcare reform.
This enables a person to appoint an ‘agent’, such as a trusted relative, friend, or attorney to handles pacific health, legal, and financial responsibilities: A. Durable power of attorney B. Advance directives C. Living will D. Do not resuscitate DNR orders
A. Durable power of attorney
Rationale: a durable power of attorney (POA) enables a person to appoint an “agent”, such as a trusted relative, friend, or attorney to handle specific health, legal, and financial responsibilities
What does fair treatment mean?
A. Treat people with fair skin differently than others
B. Three clients fairly regardless of age, race, religious/spiritual practice, culture, ethnicity, sexual orientation or gender identity, and immigration status.
C. Treat everyone the same as long as they are US citizens
D. This is an outdated term as medical staff are never prejudiced
B. Treat clients fairly regardless of age, race, religious/spiritual practice, culture, ethnicity, sexual orientation or gender identity, and immigration status.
Rationale: the board-certified patient after treats all clients fairly regardless of age, race, religious/spiritual practice, culture, listening, sexual orientation or gender identity, and immigration status.
Legally executed documents that detail individuals healthcare related wishes and decisions for end of life are called: A. Do not resuscitate (DNR) orders B. Living will C. Advance directives D. Durable power of attorney
C. Advance directives
Rationale: advanced directives are legally executed documents that detailing individuals healthcare related wishes and decisions for end of life.
Which of the following is true of healthcare coverage in an equitable access environment?
A. It is what allows entry into the healthcare system
B. All Americans have health care coverage
C. Uninsured are more likely to receive medical care
D. There’s no difference between those who have coverage and those who doubt and outcomes
A. It is what allows entry into the healthcare system
Rationale: coverage is a persons ticket into the healthcare system.
Which of the following is true of healthcare timeliness in an equitable access environment?
A. Timely delivery of appropriate care can help reduce mortality and morbidity for chronic conditions
B. Patients are seen within 24 hours
C. Phone calls are answered by the third ring
D. The amount of time it takes to get a patient to the hospital by ambulance
A. Timely delivery of appropriate care can help reduce mortality and morbidity for chronic conditions
Rationale: timely delivery of appropriate care can help reduce mortality and morbidity for chronic conditions, such as kidney disease.
What are the four ethical principles of the Beauchamp and Childress?
A. Veracity, justice, beneficence and autonomy
B. Veracity, truth telling, beneficence, and confidentiality
C. Nonmaleficence, confidentiality, veracity and justice
D. Autonomy beneficence nonmaleficence and Justice
D. Autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence and Justice
Rationale: known as the big four, they are autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice.
Anne is a middle-aged woman caring for her mother, who has Alzheimer’s disease. Which of the following actions on the part of the clinicians office staff would demonstrate client centered care for Anne?
A. Call Anne at work weekly until she comes in for the tests
B. Send a certified letter notifying her of the importance of the screening tests
C. Enrolling Anne in a wellness class
D. Offering an evening or Saturday appointment for screening tests
D. Offering an evening or Saturday appointment for screening tests
Rationale: By offering a more convenient time for the screening, Anne may be able to fit this into her busy life. If Anne asks for help, every effort should be made to help her cope with the situation.
What does access to healthcare mean?
A. The timely use of personal health services to achieve the best health outcomes
B. Making sure clinic hours reflect bankers hours
C. How clients access resources
D. Ensuring that all clients have a primary care provider
A. The time we use a personal health services to achieve the best health outcomes
Rationale: access to healthcare means having the timely use of personal health services to achieve the best health outcomes. Access to healthcare consists of four components.
Which ethical principle is maintaining what is right and fair? A. Confidentiality B. Autonomy C. Justice D. Veracity
D. Justice
Justice is maintaining what is right and fair; making decisions that are good for a person.
What are four components of access?
A. Coverage, mental health services, vision, and dental
B. Service, workforce, timeliness, and urgent care service
C. Workforce, coverage, timeliness, and service
D. Timeliness, coverage, telemedicine, and virtual visits
C. Workforce, coverage, timeliness, and service
Rationale: the four components of access our coverage, service, timeliness, and workforce.
Which group is less likely to receive medical care and more likely to have poor health status? A. Women B. Latinos C. Uninsured D. Children
C. Uninsured
Rationale: The uninsured or less likely to receive medical care and more likely to have poor health status.
Which group is at greater risk of experiencing one of the seven problems of healthcare?
A. Hispanic college graduates
B. White men age 30 to 55
C. Teachers in an inner-city neighborhood
D. African-American women
D. African-American women
Rationale: everyone is at risk; however, the population of African-American women, is included into vulnerable populations: women and African-Americans.
In regards to equitable access it is the advocates responsibility to:
A. Arrange for transportation to take clients to appointments
B. Find a facility that is within walking distance for the client
C. Promote equitable access to appropriate and safe healthcare and treatment
D. Find a facility that is open when the client is off of work
C. Promote equitable access to appropriate and safe healthcare and treatment
Rationale: the board-certified patient advocate promotes equitable access to appropriate and safe health care and treatment.
Which ethical principle is linked to self determination? A. Veracity B. Confidentiality C. Justice D. Autonomy
D. Autonomy
Rationale: the term autonomy refers to the right of self determination. By law, patients have a right to make choices independently. Informed consent was also be present for biomedical research. The ultimate responsibility for discussing treatment options, plan of care, and obtaining informed consent rests with the physician. This includes, but is not limited to, advanced directives. Evidence must appear in the client’s record.
Which patient bill allows the patient to request a change in caregiver without reprisal or discrimination? A. AHA patient’s Bill of Rights B. Hospice bill of rights C. ACA patient’s bill of rights D. Self-determination act
B. Hospice bill of rights
Rationale: The hospice Bill of Rights allows the client to request a change in caregiver without reprisal or discrimination.
Susan met with Mr. Gonzalez and his physician in the patient room at the hospital and was immediately called away to deal with another patient situation when the meeting was over. When should she document?
A. As soon as she is able to ensure her memory of the meeting remains accurate.
B. She does not need to document the meeting
C. It does not matter if she documents or not because Mr. Gonzalez cannot read English
D. Within 48 hours, before she forgets what happened.
A. As soon as she is able to ensure her memory of the meeting remains accurate.
Rationale: document as soon after the fact as you can; while it is happening is best.
In order to gain the greatest clarity about a situation, the advocate needs to engage in: A. Insular Care B. Active listening C. Assessment D. Review of chart
B. Active listening
Rationale: active listening can help provide you with greater clarity about a situation
Which of the following is true of refugees?
A. They have a high respect for authority
B. They are more likely to access medical care
C. They believe illness is caused by loss of soul
D. They may have a general distrust or fear of government that can extend to healthcare
D. They may have a general distrust or fear of government that can extend healthcare
Rationale: migrants who have fled the country store escape persecution, violence, or war may have general distrust her fear of government they can extend it to Healthcare.
Which of the following groups is more likely to experience harm from a medical error? A. Limited English speaking persons B. African Americans C. Russians D. Buddhists
A. Limited English speaking persons
Rationale: limited English speaking people are less likely to have a usual source of care, utilize for your preventative services, or more likely to experience home from an adverse event, and tend to be less satisfied.
What is an effective strategy to meet the clients literacy, cognitive, and personality characteristics?
A. Make sure informational materials are mostly pictures
B. Communicate through the family representative
C. Create an atmosphere of acceptance
D. Provide multiple handouts
C. Create an atmosphere of acceptance
Rationale: create an atmosphere where clients who lack understanding of key information do not feel belittled or ashamed.
Susan is Mr. Brown’s patient advocate. Due to his hospitalization, Susan wants to make sure that Mr. Brown has the correct treatment instructions to manage his diabetes when he goes home. What method should Susan ask the diabetes educator to use to ensure Mr. Brown understands the information? A. Teach back or show me B. Demonstration C. Handouts D. Video
A. Teach back or show me
Rationale: using tactics such as teach back or show me to evaluate understand it can be very helpful. Teach back as a method of explaining information to the client and asking the client to restate the information. It has been demonstrated to be an effective method for client teaching.
What are the four C’s of culture? A. Cause, culture, concern, cope B. Call, care, culture, concerns C. Case, care, call, cope D. Call, cause, cope, concerns
D. Call, cause, cope, concerns
Rationale: the forces of culture or call, clause, cope and concerns
Which of the following is not a conflict management strategy?
A. Influence level of conflict
B. Shared collective interests
C. Avoidance
D. Voicing concerns to all staff who will listen
D. Voicing concerns to all staff who will listen
Rationale: Influencing the level of conflict, avoidance and shared collective interests are always to manage conflict.
Networks provide many benefits for advocates. Strategies to expand and advocates network include:
A. Taking a position out to lunch
B. Offering to babysit for the unit secretary
C. Getting involved in social movements
D. Mediation
C. Getting involved in social movements
Rationale: strategies to expand a persons networking include increasing visibility, seeking inclusion in decision-making bodies, cultivating mentors, obtaining access to informal groups and developing links with social movements.
Susan is having problems with a nurse caring for her client. The nurse continuously ignore Susan and does not include her and important discussions regarding her client’s care. What would be the best action for Susan to take?
A. Inform the nurse of her role as a board-certified patient advocate
B. Avoid the nurse and direct all communication to the nurse manager
C. Report the nurse to administration
D. Confront the nurse and let her know you will have her fired if she does not cooperate
A. Inform the nurse of her role as a board-certified patient advocate
Rationale: some staff may not understand the advocate role. As this is a relatively new role, the patient advocate may need to help to inform staff of the advocate role, as misunderstanding can sometimes create conflict.
Who owns the documentation in an advocate/client relationship? A. The advocate B. The client C. The legal surrogate D. Both the client and the advocate
B. The client
Rationale: documentation belongs to the client. However, you should keep copies for your records.
What is the first step in the planning process?
A. Make a list of assets and liabilities
B. Determine specific actions
C. Establish a goal and timeframe for completion with the client
D. Assign responsibility
C. Establish a goal and timeframe for completion with the client
Rationale: establishing a goal and timeframe for completion with a client is the first step in the planning process.
What are the four tenants of advocates?
A. Alleviate suffering, promote health, promote safe care, encourage well-being whenever and wherever possible
B. Promote access, alleviate pain, provide advanced directives, and sure laws and regulations are adhere to
C. Help clients access resources, access preventative services, encourage conflict resolution, promote cultural awareness
D. Alleviate conflict, promote well-being, promote independence, and support decision makers
A. Alleviate suffering, promote health, promote safe care, encourage well-being whenever and wherever possible.
Rationale: Ford certified patient advocates have four main tenants to alleviate suffering, promote health, promote safe care, and encourage well-being whenever and wherever possible.
The most important guiding principle in planning is:
A. Have a Plan B in case something goes wrong
B. Based everything on facts
C. Document everything you do
D. The plan is client centered and client directed
D. The plan is client centered and client directed
Rationale: advocacy planning must begin and end with the expressed needs, interests, or preference of the client.
Who is the best person to guide the planning process? A. The advocate B. The client C. The physician D. The client’s family
B. The client
Rationale: first advocacy planning must begin and end with the expressed needs, interests, or preference of the client.
Mr. Oh is 68, married and retired. He’s been in the hospital under observation status for two days. Mr. Oh does not have Medicare B. Who will pay his hospital bill and as his advocate what would you recommend?
A. Medicare part A will pay his bill, because as his advocate I will demand that he be admitted.
B. Mr. I was responsible for the entire bill. As his advocate, I will explore eligibility for Medicaid.
C. Mr. Oh is responsible for his entire bill. As his advocate, I will explore enrollment in Medicare part B
D. Medicare advantage will pay his bill. As his advocate I will contact the insurance company.
B. Mr. Earl is responsible for the entire bill. As his advocate, I will explore eligibility for Medicaid.
Rationale: as long as Mr. ours an observation status, he is responsible for the entire bill since he doesn’t have Medicare part B. He has missed the enrollment. To get part B now and will have to wait until next year. However, he may qualify for Medicaid, which is retroactive three months. We don’t know if he has Medicare advantage or not.
Frank is a retired colonel from the Air Force. He has been admitted with terminal illness. Who will pay his hospital bill? A. Veteran’s health B. CHAMPVA C. TRICARE D. Medicare
C. TRICARE
Rationale: TRICARE is a department of defense program that provides care to the dependence of active duty military members and military retirees and their dependence. There are several options for TRICARE, such as an HMO type plan, a PPO type plan, and a fee for service plan.
Miss Ross is 86. Which insurance does she most likely have? A. Medicare B. CHIP C. Medicaid D. TRICARE
A. Medicare
Sharon is 34, unmarried, and pregnant. Which program is she must likely to qualify for? A. CHIP B. CHAMPVA C. Medicare D. Medicaid
D. Medicaid
Rationale: Medicaid covers pregnant women
Sally is 52 and unemployed. What program might pay for her office visit today? A. IHS B. Medicare part A C. Medicare part B D. Medicaid
D. Medicaid
Rationale: due to her unemployment, she will most likely qualify for Medicaid. We don’t know if she’s Native American and she does not qualify for Medicare that we know of.
When Nicole took John to the ER after an accident, there were several safety violations including failure to transport and a medication error. Which agency can Nicole file a complaint with? A. Attorney general B. Joint commission C. Medicare.gov D. HHS.gov
B. Joint commission
Rationale: the joint commission link can be used to report for medical care, safety concerns, and Hospital acquired infections
