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bbb Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between the 200 series and 400 series of stainless steels? (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) The 200 series is austenitic and the 400 series is either ferritic or martensitic

B) The 200 series is ferritic and 400 series is austenitic

C) Both are austenitic

D) Both are ferritic

A

A) The 200 series is austenitic and the 400 series is either ferritic or martensitic

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2
Q

What is the common joint preparation for welding butt joints from one side in thick section stainless steels? (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) Single V-groove

B) Double V-groove

C) Single J-groove

D) Single U-groove

A

D) Single U-groove

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3
Q

Would a duplex stainless steel with high chromium content be selected for high temperature applications? (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) Yes, because the ferrite/austenite mix is designed for greater strength at high temperatures

B) Yes, because high chromium content is one of the keys to high temperature strength

C) No, because they suffer from hydrogen-induced cold cracking at temperatures above 150 °C

D) No, because they suffer from embrittlement at temperatures above 350 °C

A

D) No, because they suffer from embrittlement at temperatures above 350 °C

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4
Q

Austenitic stainless steel weld metal has much better low temperature toughness than carbon steel due to: (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) less than 5% ferrite and impurity levels.

B) large amounts of ferrite and impurity levels.

C) fully austenitic microstructures and impurity levels controlled in the 5-6% range.

D) increasing the chromium content of the electrode together with controlling impurities in the 5-6% range.

A

B) large amounts of ferrite and impurity levels.

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5
Q

On the WRC diagram, the amount of ferrite is indicated by the: (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) percentage ferrite.

B) nickel equivalent.

C) ferrite number.

D) chromium equivalent.

A

C) ferrite number.

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6
Q

Which method is typically used to avoid cracking when welding martensitic stainless steels? (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) Use low carbon consumables

B) Use stabilized austenitic consumables

C) Carry out the prescribed post weld heat treatment

D) Use low heat inputs

A

C) Carry out the prescribed post weld heat treatment

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7
Q

Which stainless steel SMAW electrode listed is designed for DC only and all position welding? (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) E309-16

B) E309-17

C) E309-25

D) E309-15

A

D) E309-15

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8
Q

In the AISI 200 series of austenitic stainless steels, the major austenizing element is: (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) increased levels of nickel beyond the normal 8%.

B) carbon.

C) very high levels of molybdenum, above those in the AISI 300 series.

D) manganese in increased amounts.

A

D) manganese in increased amounts.

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9
Q

The strength of the 200 series of stainless steels is increased by the addition of: (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) nickel.

B) chromium.

C) carbon.

D) nitrogen.

E) manganese.

A

D) nitrogen.

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10
Q

The presence of nickel tends to stabilize what type of structure? (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) The BCC structure described as delta ferrite

B) The FCC structure known as austenite

C) The FCC structure known as sigma phase

D) The BCC structure known as duplex

A

B) The FCC structure known as austenite

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11
Q

Greater care must be exercised when welding stainless steels compared to carbon steels because of: (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) the high reactivity of nickel.

B) the high reactivity of chromium.

C) the sluggish nature of the weld pool.

D) nitrogen contamination.

A

B) the high reactivity of chromium.

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12
Q

What happens during sensitization of an austenitic stainless steel? (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) Local areas of the HAZ are denuded of chromium and the corrosion resistance is reduced

B) Local areas of the weld and HAZ are denuded of chromium and the corrosion resistance is reduced

C) Large areas of the weld metal are denuded of nickel and the toughness is reduced

D) Local areas of the weld metal are denuded of titanium and the strength is reduced

A

B) Local areas of the weld and HAZ are denuded of chromium and the corrosion resistance is reduced

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13
Q

What is the preferred method of joining duplex stainless steels? (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) it is preferable to weld with the lowest heat input possible using similar procedures

B) It is preferable to weld with the lowest heat input possible using a high alloy austenitic filler such as a 309 type.

C) It is preferable to weld with the highest heat input possible consistent with acceptable properties and weldability

D) it is preferable to weld with the smallest possible electrode size using stringer beads throughout

A

C) It is preferable to weld with the highest heat input possible consistent with acceptable properties and weldability

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14
Q

What type of stainless steel is considered to be non-hardening? (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) Austenitic

B) Duplex

C) Martensitic

D) Ferritic

A

D) Ferritic

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15
Q

What is a common and accepted way of reducing the probability of solidification cracking in a weld? (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) Control the depth to width ratio of weld beads in the range 0.5-1.0

B) Increase the amount of sulphur available in the weld pool by selection of consumables

C) Use a narrow preparation with a low included angle

D) Control the depth to width ratio of weld beads in the range 1.5-1.0

A

A) Control the depth to width ratio of weld beads in the range 0.5-1.0

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16
Q

What is the location of the probable coarse-grained area in a heated-affected zone during welding? (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) Right at the fusion line and into the weld metal

B) In the area of mixed microstructure and at the unaffected base metal border.

C) Right at the fusion line and into the heat-affected zone

D) In the area of mixed microstructure and prior to that reaching the austenite temperature

A

C) Right at the fusion line and into the heat-affected zone

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17
Q

With stress relief heat treatment, what material properties can be expected to change from the as-welded product? (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) The austenitic grain size will change

B) The joint tensile strength will be reduced

C) The toughness will significantly decrease

D) The creep strength will increase

A

B) The joint tensile strength will be reduced

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18
Q

What is in weathering steel that provides corrosion protection? (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) Copper, carbon, and chromium

B) Copper, chromium, and nickel

C) Copper, silicon, and nickel

D) Chromium, silicon, and nickel

A

B) Copper, chromium, and nickel

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19
Q

Steels can be grouped into three zones based on their carbon content and carbon equivalent. The HAZ hardness of which group of steels can be controlled by cooling rate? (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) Zone I

B) ZoneII

C) Zone III

D) Zone IV

A

B) ZoneII

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20
Q

Cracks can form in the parent material beneath the weld. This form of cracking is called: (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) lamellar tearing

B) hot shortness

C) restraint cracking

D) toe cracks

A

D) toe cracks

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21
Q

Name one medium that increases resistance to corrosion when steel is exposed to aqueous medium. (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) Acidic medium

B) Neutral medium

C) Alkaline medium

D) None of the above

A

A) Acidic medium

22
Q

According to CSA W59, the SAW process can be used without preheat if adequate energy input is ensured. This is applicable when making: (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) fillet welds in one pass.

B) groove welds in one pass.

C) groove welds in multiple passes.

D) fillet welds in multiple passes.

A

A) fillet welds in one pass.

23
Q

Steel between 0.8% and 1.7% carbon at room temperature will exhibit a microstructure of: (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) pearlite and ferrite.

B) martensite and ferrite.

C) pearlite and cementite.

D) cast iron.

A

C) pearlite and cementite.

24
Q

Which one is harder, coarse pearlite or fine pearlite? (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) Both the same

B) Fine pearlite

C) Coarse pearlite

D) Fine pearlite always softer

A

B) Fine pearlite

25
Q

Elements commonly used to form substitutional solid solutions include: (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) nitrogen.

B) carbon.

C) copper.

D) oxygen.

A

B) carbon.

25
Q

Iron can change its crystallographic form as temperature changes. What form does iron take at a temperature of 250 degrees Celcius? (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) The body-centered cubic ferrite lattice form

B) The face-centered cubic austenite lattice form

C) The close-packed hexagonal delta lattice form

D) The distorted lattice form known as pearlite

A

A) The body-centered cubic ferrite lattice form

26
Q

What is the best way to explain precipitation hardening? (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) The precipitation of small particles in the host metal impeding dislocation

B) The precipitation of large particles impeding dislocation

C) Precipitation of particles to the matrix facilitating dislocation

D) None of the above

A

A) The precipitation of small particles in the host metal impeding dislocation

27
Q

What is required to form iron in a blast furnace? (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) An oxidizing agent, carbon dioxide

B) A reducing agent, carbon monoxide,

C) A compound containing carbon and calcium carbonate

D) An oxidizing agent present in metallurgical coal

A

B) A reducing agent, carbon monoxide,

28
Q

Interstitial solid solutions are commonly formed with: (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) iron.

B) nickel.

C) silicon.

D) carbon and nitrogen.

A

D) carbon and nitrogen.

29
Q

What is the makeup of the microstructural component known as pearlite? (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) Pearlite is a layered structure of austenite and cementite

B) Pearlite is always a mixture of austenite and ferrite

C) Pearlite is another name for graphite and it is distributed as flakes in the microstructure

D) Pearlite is a layered structure of cementite and ferrite

A

D) Pearlite is a layered structure of cementite and ferrite

30
Q

There are several approaches to the rolling of steel plate, which of the following is correct? (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) Hot rolling is carried out in the austenite region

B) Cold rolling is carried out in the pearlitic region

C) Hot rolling is carried out in the ferritic region

D) Cold rolling is carried out in the austenite region

A

A) Hot rolling is carried out in the austenite region

31
Q

In the precipitation hardening alloys, change in hardness during aging can be influenced by: (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) temperature and quenching time.

B) temperature and time.

C) no change at all.

D) only temperature.

A

D) only temperature.

32
Q

The formation of a martensitic structure can be assisted by which of the following techniques? (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) Providing a slower cooling rate once the steel has entered the ferrite range

B) Adding alloying elements to the steel such as chromium

C) Reducing the carbon content helps drive the formation of martensite

D) Adding gases to the melt prior to cooling, such as oxygen

A

B) Adding alloying elements to the steel such as chromium

33
Q

How does the travel speed in welding affect the resulting distortion? (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) It has no effect

B) Slow travel speeds tend to uniformly heat the plate

C) The incorrect speed will create temperature gradients

D) High travel speeds tend to uniformly heat the plate

A

B) Slow travel speeds tend to uniformly heat the plate

34
Q

When using a thermal cutting process, what happens to the edges of the cut after the metal cools?

Question options:

A) The edges are in tension.

B) The edges are in compression.

C) There are no residual stresses in the edges after cutting.

D) There is no upsetting (thickening) of the cut edges.

A

C) There are no residual stresses in the edges after cutting.

35
Q

Cracking will most likely occur when: (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) free expansion and contraction are prevented.

B) restricted expansion and free contraction are allowed.

C) free expansion and contraction are allowed.

D) restricted contraction and free expansion are prevented.

A

A) free expansion and contraction are prevented.

36
Q

Which alloys expand more after heating, mild steel or austenitic stainless steel? (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) Both expand uniformly

B) They expand unequally

C) Austenitic stainless steel expands more

D) Steel always expands more

A

C) Austenitic stainless steel expands more

37
Q

What does the strain gauge measure in the stress-relaxation method? (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) Stress

B) Strain

C) Yield strength

D) Ductility

A

B) Strain

38
Q

Residual stress is best described as: (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) stress that is internally self-balancing.

B) stress that is caused by an external force.

C) strain produced by stresses that exceed the yield strength of the material.

D) stress that tends to cause contraction.

A

A) stress that is internally self-balancing.

39
Q

The formulae “e = a × ΔT” is used to calculate: (Multiple Choice)

Question options:

A) thermal strain.

B) Young’s modulus.

C) restricted thermal expansion or contraction.

D) coefficient of thermal expansion.

A

A) thermal strain.

40
Q

Part of a good welding procedure should include: (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) welding process, filler metal, and maximum heat input.

B) power source, speed of welding, and flame heating.

C) welding technique, voltage, and distortion.

D) joint design, power source, and electrode colour.

A

C) welding technique, voltage, and distortion.

41
Q

When using heat spots or wedges, it is a good practice to____________ (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) apply heat to the bottom of the part to allow gravity to straighten it.

B) apply heat to the short side of a curved object to stretch it.

C) apply heat to the inside of a curved object to stretch it.

D) apply heat to the long side of a curved object to shrink it

A

D) apply heat to the long side of a curved object to shrink it

42
Q

What is the specification for the use of covered filler materials for welding nickel and nickel alloys? (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) AWS A5.7

B) AWS A5.11

C) AWS A5.17

D) AWS A5.20

A

B) AWS A5.11

43
Q

E4XXT-9 type flux cored electrodes are: (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) designed for use without gas shielding.

B) designed for multi-pass welding only in flat position.

C) designed for single pass welding only in all positions.

D) designed for single and multi-pass welding in all positions.

A

D) designed for single and multi-pass welding in all positions.

44
Q

The AWS classification BAg-XX indicates: (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) silver brazing filler metals.

B) aluminum brazing filler metals.

C) copper brazing filler metals.

D) nickel and cobalt brazing filler metals.

A

A) silver brazing filler metals.

45
Q

E49XC-3 type tubular electrodes are: (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) metal-cored.

B) gas shielded flux cored.

C) self shielded flux cored.

D) solid wire electrode.

A

B) gas shielded flux cored.

46
Q

A shielding gas with a substantially lower oxidation potential than recommended (such as argon) could result in: (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) an amount of silicon only.

B) an amount of impurities.

C) an amount of carbon.

D) a stronger weld deposit and reduced toughness.

A

D) a stronger weld deposit and reduced toughness.

47
Q

The flux consumption for agglomerated flux is______ by weight: (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) approximately 30%

B) approximately 20%

C) less than 10%

D) more than 50%

A

B) approximately 20%

48
Q

An E4928 electrode can only be used in: (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) the vertical position.

B) the overhead position.

C) the flat position only.

D) the flat and horizontal position.

A

D) the flat and horizontal position.

49
Q

What is the newly adopted AWS specification for MCAW and FCAW wires? (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) AWS A5.36

B) AWS A5.18

C) AWS A5.17

D) AWS A5.19

A

A) AWS A5.36

50
Q

Most carbon steel gas shielded flux cored electrodes are classified using: (Multiple Choice)
Question options:

A) 98% Argon + 2% Oxygen.

B) 100% Argon.

C) Argon + Helium.

D) 100% Carbon Dioxide.

A

D) 100% Carbon Dioxide.

chapter 3 (14 decks)

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