Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biochemistry > BB451 exam 1 - Electron Transport/Oxidative Phosphorylation > Flashcards

BB451 exam 1 - Electron Transport/Oxidative Phosphorylation Flashcards

1
Q

“charge the battery”

A

e- transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

“electrical charge –> ATP”

A

oxidative phos.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

electrons carried to e- transport system in mitochondria by

A

NADH and FADH2
(e- from NADH enter at complex 1)
(e from FADH2 enter at complex 2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

e- ultimately added to

A

oxygen (–> H2O)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

redox potential describes

A

movement of e-s
move toward most positive redox potential
oxygen has most positive –> e- really like oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

main functions of e- transport

A

pump protons out of mitochondrial matrix

re-oxidize NADH and FADH2 to NAD and FAD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

NADH and FADH2 come from…

A

citric acid cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

movement of e-s from NADH through complex 1…

A

pump protons into intermembrane space –> proton gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

complex 2

A

no pumping of protons!

e-s from FADH2 not going to charge battery as much

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

complex 1 and complex 2 donate e-s to

A

coenzyme Q in pairs

  • traffic cop: accepts in pairs, passes off individually
  • small molecule (move between complexes quickly)
  • does not pump protons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

coenzyme Q passes e-s to

A

complex 3

-pumps protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

complex 3 passes e-s to

A

citochrome C

  • small fast shuttle between complexes
  • by Q cycle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

chitochrome C passes e-s to

A

complex 4

-pumps protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

complex 4, e-s added to

A

oxygen –> H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

as e-s move through system, free energy…

A

free energy decreases

energetically favorable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

complex 1 contains

A

iron-sulfur proteins and flavins for transferring e-s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

complex 3 and 4 contain

A

proteins with heme groups (cytochromes)

  • iron in 2+ or 3+
  • and copper in 1+ or 2+
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

rotenone and amytal block

A

complex 1

rotenone = insecticide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

antimycin A blocks

A

complex 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

cyanide, azide, and CO block

A

complex 4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Coenzyme Q in category

A

quinones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Q

A

oxidized state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

QH2

A

reduced state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Q cycle at complex __

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Q pool

A

sum of all coenzyme Q in inner membrane

Q and QH2

26
Q

Q cycle

A

Q pool donates QH2 and Q to complex 3
QH2 donates 1 e to Q –> Q- and other to cytochrome C
2 protons expelled (proton pumping)
cytochrome C and Q leave complex, Q- stays
another QH2 and cytochrome C bind to complex 3
QH2 donate e- to Q—>Q2- and other e to cytochrome C
2 protons to intermembrane space
Q2- extracts 2 protons from matrix –> QH2
cytochrome C, QH2, Q all leave complex

27
Q

net use of Q cycle

A

take in QH2, released 1 : net use of 1 QH2

28
Q

“docking stations”

A

the complexes

29
Q

interruption of e- flow…

A

can result in reactive oxygen species

30
Q

___ help to deactivate super oxides

A

superoxide dismutase and catalase

31
Q

e- flow through complex 4

A

1st e to copper, 2nd to iron
oxygen binds to iron first
formation of peroxide bridge between iron and copper (Fe-O-O-Cu)
3rd e to oxygen on copper and proton from matrix –> O-O bond cleaved
4th e reduces O on iron, proton from matrix binds
(Fe-OH HO-Cu)
2 protons bind to hydroxyls –> 2 waters released

32
Q

takes ____ to reduce one molecular oxygen

A

4 e-s to reduce one molecular oxygen —> 2 water molecules

33
Q

protons #s in matrix decrease by ___ during e transfer through complex 4

A

protons decrease by 8 in matrix
4 taken from matrix and combined with oxygen
4 others taken and pumped out

34
Q

net difference of protons for movement through complex 4

A

12 protons
matrix decreases by 8
outside mitochondrion increases by 4

35
Q

superoxide dismutase (SOD)

A

2 step process to deactivate superoxide

Ping-Pong mechanism

36
Q

1st step of SOD

A

oxidized from of SOD accepts e from O2—> molecular O2 and reduced SOD

37
Q

2nd step of SOD

A

reduced SOD combines its extra e with that of another O2- and 2 protons –> H2O2 and oxidized form of SOD

38
Q

catalase

A

H2O2 –> H2O and O2

39
Q

Peter Mitchell, chemiosmotic hypothesis

A

inner membrane intact
e- move through complexes –> proton gradient
protons back to matrix = energy source for making ATP

40
Q

ATP created by…

A

movement of protons back into mitochondrial matrix through complex 5/ATP Synthase

41
Q

tightly coupled

A

inner membrane intact/ impermeable to protons
protons into matrix via complex 5
results in respiratory control

42
Q

ATP synthase/ complex 5

A 
turbine like structure containing 3 sites 
Loose: hold ADP and Pi
Tight: causes ADP and PI to join
Open: release ATP and bind ADP and Pi
O-->L-->T-->O...
43
Q

oxidative phos. requires

A

*proton gradient
e- transport, oxygen, intact membrane, ADP
NADH and FADH2 as feeders of e-s

44
Q

NADH and FADH2 ___ cross inner membrane

A

do NOT cross inner membrane

need shuttles to get e- in from cytoplasm from glycolysis

45
Q

Glycerophosphate Shuttle

A

common in insect muscle
simple and rapid
dihydroxyacetone phosphate (byproduct of glycolysis) + e- and protons from NADH –> G3P
G3P donates e-s to FAD in complex 2 –> FADH2 and dihydroxyacetone phosphate

46
Q

efficiency of glycerophosphate shuttle

A

inefficient: NADH –> FADH2
in complex 2, bypasses complex 1
only 2 ATPs instead of 3

47
Q

enough protons pumped through complexes ___ to make ___

A

enough protons pumped through complexes 1,3 and 4 to make 1 ATP each –> 3 ATPs

48
Q

Malate Aspartate Shuttle

A

moves e-s across membrane
converts oxaloacetate to malate (add e-s to oxaloacetate)
malate carries 2 e-s
malate give e-s to NAD –> NADH and oxaloacetate

49
Q

efficiency of malate aspartate shuttle

A

efficient, but not fast

no energy lost, 3 ATPs from NADH

50
Q

ATP-ADP translocase

A

ADP has to be in matrix, every ATP out = 1 ADP in
antiport
does not require energy, uses concentration gradient

51
Q

how cells generate heat

A

breaking down proton gradient

52
Q

brown fat

A

contains uncoupling protein

high in areas with lots of nervous tissue

53
Q

uncoupling protein

A

inserts in inner membrane of brown fat cells

same effect as 2,4 DNP to increase heat / bypass complex 5

54
Q

2,4 DNP

A

diet drug
pokes holes in inner membrane –> protons can re enter without making ATP
cells now require more energy and burn fats/sugars

55
Q

when mitochondria are uncoupled

A

e- transport no longer limited by oxidative phosphorylation runs uncontrolled
no ATP is made
NADH is rapidly converted to NAD
citric acid cycle runs rapidly
using a lot of oxygen and generating heat

56
Q

Things that affect metabolic processes

A 
ADP/ATP - for complex 5 function 
oxygen- for e- transport to function 
NADH - source of e- for e- transport 
NAD+ - needed to citric acid cycle 
proton gradient
57
Q

photosynthetic fish

A

put bacteriorhodopsin in transparent fish
make ATP without eating anything, would still need carbon source to grow
might burn up if too much light

58
Q

things that control respiratory control

A

ADP, NADH, oxygen

59
Q

cyanide blocks___

A

complex 4

60
Q

high NADH, low oxygen…

A

no e- transport (O limiting)
backed up dumping of e- from NADH
citric acid cycle backs up (needs NAD)
relaxing or suffocating

61
Q

high NADH, low oxygen, high ADP

A 
no e- transport (O limiting) 
backed up dumping of e- from NADH
citric acid cycle backs up 
using ATP 
exercising heavily or suffocating
62
Q

cyanide –>

A 
NADH increases (e- transport blocked at complex 4) 
O2 consumption down, concentration up 
ADP up (can't make ATP, burn what's there and don't remake ATP)

biochemistry (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions