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Biochemistry > BB451 exam 1 - Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids > Flashcards

BB451 exam 1 - Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

phosphatidic acid

A

glycerol backbone with 2 fatty acids and phosphate

precursor of glycerophospholipids and fats

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2
Q

to create a fat…

A

replace phosphate of phosphatidic acid with fatty acid

phosphatidate –> DAG –> triglycerol

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3
Q

to make a glycerophospholipid…

A

add something to phosphate of phosphatidic acid –> phosphatidal compound
phosphatidate –> CDP-diacylglycerol–> glycerophospholipid

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4
Q

CDP - diacylglycerol

A

activated intermediate

donates phosphatidate part to something else (ex: serine –> phasphatidalserine)

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5
Q

activated intermediate

A

high energy to donate part of itself to something else

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6
Q

cells that contain fat

A

lipocytes

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7
Q

synthesis of DNA requires

A

energy, nucleotides, and other molecules made with them (proteins, glycogen, glycerophospholipids)

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8
Q

measure of nucleotides gives good measure of…

A

measure of nucleotides gives cells good measure of energy assessment, ability to use energy going forward

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9
Q

2 ways to make glycerophospholipids

A

activate diacylglycerol
activate thing that gets put onto diacylglycerol (ex: activate ethanolamine, add to CDP-diacylglycerol –> phosphatidylethanolamine
*both use activated intermediate and produce CMP

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10
Q

3 classes of sphingolipids

A

ceramides, cerebrosides, gangliosides

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11
Q

ceramide

A

collection of sphingolipids with fatty acid on them (addition of fatty acid to the amine group)

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12
Q

sphingolipids made from

A

palmitoyl CoA + serine manipulated to a ceramide

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13
Q

cerebroside or ganglioside formed by

A

addition of sugar to ceramide

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14
Q

sphingomyelin formed by

A

addition of phosphate group from phosphatidyl choline to ceramide

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15
Q

activated sugar has ..

A

nucleotide attached ex: UDP

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16
Q

deficiencies in enzymes that degrade sphingolipids lined to

A

neural disorders

ex: Tay-Sachs disease

17
Q

cholesterol made from

A

Acetyl CoA

18
Q

acetoacetyl CoA

A

2 acetyl CoA put together

19
Q

HMG-CoA

A

3rd acetyl CoA added to acetoacetyl CoA

branch point for synthesis of ketone bodies or cholesterol

20
Q

mevalonate

A

from HMG-CoA, path towards cholesterol

uses HMG CoA reductase

21
Q

primary regulated enzyme in synthesis of cholesterol

A

HMG CoA reductase

regulated by feedback inhibition by cholesterol

22
Q

statins

A

drugs to reduce cholesterol
target HMG CoA reductase
competitive inhibitors of enzyme (resemble HMG CoA, the substrate)

23
Q

pathway of cholesterol synthesis

A

HMG CoA (6C) –> mevalonate (6C) –>isoprenes (5C) –> geranyl pyrophosphate (10C) –> farnesyl pyrophosphate (15C) —> squalene (30C) –> lanosterol –> 19 more steps to get to cholesterol

24
Q

isoprenes

A 
isopentenyl pyrophosphate and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate 
precursors to cholesterol 
can go back and forth between 2 
each have 5 carbons 
come together --> geranyl pyrophosphate
25
Q

farnesyl pyrophosphate formed by

A

addition of 5C isopentenyl pyrophostate to 10C geranyl pyrophosphate

26
Q

squalene formation

A

2 farnesyl pyrophosphates

last linear intermediate

27
Q

lanosterol

A

cyclic intermediate

look like cholesterol but still 19 mores steps

28
Q

___ ATPs to get to squalene

A

18 ATPs to get to squalene

29
Q

cholesterol important for synthesis of

A 
steroid hormones (and vit. D) 
bile acids/salts
30
Q

isoprenoid

A

made from isoprenes

ex: cholesterol, steroids, vit A and vit E

31
Q

steroids

A

all compounds synthesized from cholesterol

ex: steroid hormones, vit D, bile acids

32
Q

SREBP

A

plays role in controlling whether or not HMG-CoA reductase is made

33
Q

3 components of SREBP

A 
R = regulatory 
M = membrane portion
D = DNA binding portion (bind to SRE)
34
Q

when normal cholesterol levels, SREBP…

A

SREBP - ER

not need to make cholesterol

35
Q

when cholesterol levels fall, SREBP…

A

moves to Golgi = SREBP-G

36
Q

SREBP-G

A

serine protease cleaves to release MD regions
MD regions move to metaloprotease, cleaves D fro M
D enters nucleus, binds to promoter region (SRE) and HMG-CoA reductase is synthesized

Biochemistry (11 decks)

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