BB Makeup Extra Questions Flashcards
What is the purpose of the antihuman globulin (AHG) test in blood banking?
It detects red blood cells coated with antibodies by bridging the gap between red blood cells.
It detects white blood cells coated with antibody by bridging the gap between red blood cells.
It detects red blood cells coated with antigen.
All of the above
It detects red blood cells coated with antibodies by bridging the gap between red blood cells.
Which IgG subclass primarily comprises antibodies to the Rh blood group system?
IgG1, IgG2
C. IgG3, IgG4
IgG2, IgG4
D. IgG1, IgG3
D. IgG1, IgG3
. Which blood group antibodies are known to activate complement, leading to intravascular hemolysis?
Lewis
Duffy
Rh
ABO
ABO
An advantage of polyclonal anti-IgG over monoclonal anti-IgG is:
AHG produced in rabbits is more specific than AHG produced in mice.
polyclonal anti-IgG will recognize IgG variants.
polyclonal anti-IgG also has anticomplement activity.
polyclonal anti-IgG recognizes only one IgG epitope.
polyclonal anti-IgG will recognize IgG variants.
Why is incubation omitted in the direct AHG test?
Polyspecific AHG contains a higher dose of anti-IgG.
Incubation will cause lysis of red blood cells.
Incubation elutes complement components from red blood cells.
In vivo antigen antibody complexes are already formed.
In vivo antigen antibody complexes are already formed.
Which of the following is consistent with hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)?
Recipient antibody coating donor red blood cells
Maternal antibody coating fetal red blood cells
Fetal antibody coating maternal red blood cells
Autoantibody coating individual’s own red blood cells
Maternal antibody coating fetal red blood cells
A patient came in for a routine type and screen prior to surgery. The antibody screen was negative at 37°C and at the AHG phase. Check cells did not produce agglutination often. What is a possible explanation for this result?
Dirty glassware
Inadequate washing
Use of positive DAT cells
Over-centrifugation
Inadequate washing
What do “check cells” contain?
A+ red blood cell coated with anti-D
Rh(D)+ red blood cells coated with anti-D
Rh(D)- red blood cells coated with anti-D
B+ red blood cells coated with anti-D
Rh(D)+ red blood cells coated with anti-D
All of the following are important in evaluating a positive DAT except:
patient diagnosis
transfusion history.
drug therap
donation history.
donation history.
Why was anticomplement introduced into AHG sera?
Certain clinically significant antibodies demonstrate complement activity.
Complement components enhance Kell antibodies.
It provides additional information for transfusion reaction workups.
All of the above
All of the above
Which IgG antibodies are contained in polyspecific AHG?
High titer, high avidity
High titer, low avidity
Chemically modified
Those that are pentameric in structure
High titer, high avidity
A patient is discovered to have anti-Fya in their serum. The medical technologist needs to phenotype the patient’s cells for the corresponding antigen. What test is appropriate for phenotyping?
Absorption
DAT
Elution
IAT
IAT
Why are check cells added to all negative reactions in the AHG test?
To ensure AHG was not neutralized by free globulin molecules
To wash away any unbound antibody
To increase the cell-to-serum ratio
To bring the antibody closer to the antigen in the test system
To ensure AHG was not neutralized by free globulin molecules
An antibody screen is performed, and all three tubes are negative after adding AHG. Check cells are added, and the tubes are centrifuged. No agglutination occurs after the addition of check cells. What is the next course of action?
Recentrifuging the tubes
Repeating the antibody screen
Adding one drop of control cells
Adding one drop of AHG
Repeating the antibody screen
False-negative results in antihuman globulin testing can be caused by:
over-centrifugation
under-centrifugation
cell suspensions that are too weak or too heavy
all of the above.
all of the above.
Which of the following antibodies is least likely to bind complement?
Jka C. ABO
Kell D. P
Kell
Cord blood was sent to the laboratory for blood type determination on twins A and B. Baby A demonstrated mixed-field reactions with anti-A and anti-AB and no reactivity with anti-B. Reverse grouping was not performed. Baby B showed a 1+ reaction with anti-A and anti-AB. What could be the reason for the variable reactions?
Chimerism
Dimorphic cell population
Dispermy
All of the above
All of the above
What substances are found in a group A secretor?
AH
H
BH
ABH
AH
Where are ABH substances detected in secretors?
Tears
Saliva
Milk
All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of antibodies within the ABO system?
Antibodies are of IgM Class
Antibodies are naturally occurring
ABO antibodies do not activate complement
ABO antibodies may cause immediate intravascular hemolysis.
ABO antibodies do not activate complement
A group O person with warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia may demonstrate weak reactions in the forward grouping due to:
red blood cells being coated with antigen
red blood cells being coated with antibody
exposure of T antigen
acquired B-like syndrome.
red blood cells being coated with antibody
What ABO group contains the least amount of H substance
A1 A1B
A2
A2B
A1B
What is the source of anti-A1 lectin?
Bandeiraea simplicifolia Ulex europaeus
Dolichos biflorus All of the above
Dolichos biflorus
Secretor studies were performed on a person who expressed weak reactions in forward grouping. Only B and H substances were present in the saliva. What is this person’s ABO group?
O
B
A
AB
B
How is polyagglutination resolved?
Absorption of Tn antigen with anti-T
Patient serum is tested with a lectin panel
Patient cells are tested with a lectin panel
Elution of Tn antigen with chloroquine
Patient cells are tested with a lectin panel
All of the following may result in weak or missing antigens except:
presence of blood-group–specific
soluble substances (BGSS).
Hodgkin’s disease.
hypogammaglobulinemia.
intestinal infection with Escherichia coli.
hypogammaglobulinemia
All of the following statements are true concerning ABH soluble substances except:
The first sugar in the precursor substance is N-acetylgalactosamine
The precursor chain is type 2 (beta 1-4 linkage).
ABH structures are glycoproteins.
L-fucosyltransferase production is regulated by the Se system.
The precursor chain is type 2 (beta 1-4 linkage).
All of the following is true regarding formation of the ABH antigens except:
H gene inheritance is independent of ABO gene inheritance.
A, B, and H antigens are formed from the same precursor material.
A type 1 structure refers to a beta 1-2 linkage.
A type 2 structure refers to a beta 1-4 linkage.
A type 1 structure refers to a beta 1-2 linkage.
If a group O mother gives birth to a group A baby, which of the following antibodies is usually responsible for crossing the placenta and causing hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)?
Anti-AB
Anti-A
Anti-B
Anti-H
Anti-AB
Mixed-field agglutination encountered in ABO forward grouping may be caused by:
A3
cold reactive auto agglutinins
abnormal concentrations of serum proteins
para-Bombay.
A3
What percentage of the white population has type-O blood?
45%
4%
10%
32%
45%
All of the following are technical errors that could result in ABO discrepancies except:
a misidentified sample
failure to add reagents
failure to warm reagents
clerical errors.
failure to warm reagents
A type-A person demonstrates a 3+ reactivity with A1 cells (reverse grouping). The forward grouping with anti-A is 4+. Therefore, the possibility of a subgroup is excluded. B cells demonstrate a 4+ reaction. The antibody screen is weakly positive at 37°C, but shows no reactivity at the AHG phase. An antibody panel is performed and anti-M is identified. The patient phenotypes negative for M antigen. How is the ABO discrepancy resolved?
Perform reverse grouping at 4°C
Perform reverse grouping with A1 cells negative for M antigen
Perform reverse grouping with A1 cells positive for M antigen
Perform forward grouping at 4°C.
Perform reverse grouping with A1 cells negative for M antigen
What is the source of anti-B lectin?
Bandeiraea simplicifolia
.Dolichos biflorus
Ulex europaeus All of the above
Bandeiraea simplicifolia
Which blood group contains the highest concentration of H antigen?
A2
AB
B
O
O
Forward grouping is defined as:
detecting antibody on an individual’s red blood cells via reagent antisera.
detecting antigen(s) on an individual’s red blood cells via reagent antisera.
detecting ABO group antibody via reagent red blood cells.
detecting ABO group antigen via reagent red blood cells
detecting antigen(s) on an individual’s red blood cells via reagent antisera.
A patient was previously typed as blood group O. Forward grouping was negative with anti-A and anti-B. Reverse grouping showed reactivity with A1 cells and B cells. The technologist reported this patient’s type as A. What technical error occurred?
Sample misidentified
Clerical error
Failure to add reagents
Sample mix-up
Clerical error
What percentage of individuals inherit the secretor gene?
15%
50%
80%
98%
80%
The state in which an individual’s red blood cells are agglutinated by all sera regardless of blood type is called:
Panagglutination
Polyagglutination
sensitization
Leukoagglutination
Polyagglutination
Persons who inherit the h allele do not produce ___________ transferase necessary for formation of the H structure
L-fucosyl D-galactosyl
N- acetylgalactosamine D-glucosyl
L-fucosyl
All of the following may result in rouleaux formation except:
Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia
leukemia
Wharton’s jelly in cord blood
dextran.
leukemia
What is an advantage of using chemically modified anti-D?
It provides a low-protein medium.
Rh control is not necessary.
Few false-negative results are obtained.
Du testing is eliminated.
It provides a low-protein medium.
Which antigen represents Rh3 in Rosenfield terminology?
D
E
C
e
E
Of the three following categories of altered D antigen, in which variation of D antigen expression are you more likely to encounter an allo-anti-D?
C in Trans to RhD
Weak D
Partial D
None of the above
Partial D
A cord blood sample was sent to the blood bank for a type and DAT. Cells were washed six times with saline before testing. The forward grouping typed as an O. There was no agglutination with anti-D and washed cord cells. The DAT was 3+ with polyspecific AHG. What is the Rh type of the baby?
Rh-negative
Rh-positive
Rh type cannot be determined
None of the above
Rh type cannot be determined
Which gene combination is expressed in the greatest frequency in the black population?
DCe
dce
Dce
DCE
Dce
Which of the following genotypes is consistent with f antigen expression?
DcE/DCe
Dce/DCE
DCe/DcE
DCe/dCE
Dce/DCE
How are the Rh antigens inherited?
X-linked recessive
Codominant alleles
X-linked dominant
None of the above
Codominant alleles
In the Fisher-Race nomenclature what does “d” refer to?
Amorph
Silent allele
Absence of D
All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following genotypes would demonstrate the strongest expression of D antigen?
Dce/dCE
DCe/dce
dce/dce
dCe/dcE
DCe/dce
What clinical manifestation may be associated with the Rh-null syndrome?
Reticulocytosis
Stomatocytosis
Low hemoglobin
All of the above
All of the above
. In which population is the genetic Du usually found?
White
Asian
Black
Native American
Black
What does hr’ refer to in the Weiner nomenclature?
c
e
C
E
c
All of the following may occur following an Rh-mediated hemolytic transfusion reaction except:
elevated fever.
increased bilirubin.
intravascular hemolysis
positive DAT
intravascular hemolysis
