BB History Flashcards
Blood baths for physical and spiritual restoration
Egyptians and Romans
Drank blood of fallen gladiators in the belief that the blood could transmit vitality
Egyptians and Romans
Blood letting is thought to have originated in ___________.
It then spread to ___________.
Ancient Egypt; Greece
Postulates that the body is comprised of four humors- blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile - and their imbalance causes disease
Hippocrates (Greek physician)
400 BC
Believes that the heart is the central organ of the body; presumes the heart is a three-chambered organ.
Aristotle (Greek philosopher)
350 BC
Describes the anatomy of the human body and includes reference to bright and dark blood from separate channels in thebody which interconnect
Claudius Galenus, Greek physician
162 AD
Mentions the liver as the origin of blood and the kidney as a filter. Although incorrect in many details, his descriptions formed the basis for all blood circulation studies for centuries
Claudius Galenus, Greek physician
162 AD
Earliest recorded transfusion, as a remedy for an apoplectic stroke. The blood of three young boys was, by crude methods, transferred to the pope. Donors and patient leter all died.
Pope Innocent VIII
1492
Blood letting was the most popular form of treatment of a vast number of ailments.
18th century
Discovered blood circulation
William Harvey, English physician
1616
Era of real blood transfusion
William Harvey, English physician
1616
Blood contained the soul
Huang Di Nei Ching (Chinese)
First successful animal to animal transfusion
Dog to dog
Richard Lower
1665
First animal to human blood transfusion
His patient is _________, a 34 year old madman.
Used calf’s blood.
Believed animal blood is purer than human blood.
Patient survived three transfusions but died with poison by his wife.
Jean-Baptiste Denis
1667
Antoine Mauroy
Blood was transfused between a young, weakened by continuous blood letting and a lamb. It was a success, but not subsequent experiments that followed.
Jean-Baptiste Denis, French physician
And Paul Emmerez, surgeon
June 15, 1667
Made bleeding bowl
John Foster of England
1740
Discovered the significance progess in understanding the basis for the incompatibility between species
Emil Ponfick and
Leonard Landois
1800
Performed and published a set of animal experiments that proved that the donor and recipient must be of the same species
John Henry Leacock
1816
First successful human to human blood transfusion.
From a woman dying of postpartum (after childbirth) hemorrhage with the blood of her husband
James Blundell
1818
Experimented with phosphate of soda.
First attempted approach to anticoagulation.
He tried it in four of his patients, none survived.
He recommended Na3PO4
Braxton Hicks
Obstetrician
1869
Reported the first human to human transfusion using citrated blood
Albert Hustin
1914
Proved that sodium citrate was effective as an aticoagulant, at a certain percentage (0.2%)
It was not toxic to humans even if 2500 mL of it was transfused
Richard Lewisohn
1915
Addition of dextrose to citrate would preserve blood up to 2 weeks
It needed a large amount of preservative solution and was difficult to prepare.
This remained as the only anticoagulant used until world war two
Thomas Rous and Catherine Turner
1916
Developed acid citrate dextrose (ACD) Blood can be stored up to 3 weeks Could be autoclved Easy to prepare Require small volume of preservative solution
John Freedman Loutit and
Patrick Loudon Mollison
1943
Showed glycerol could be used for extending the life span of red cells to 10 years
Smith
1950
Introduced Citrate Phosphate Dextrose (CPD) and eventually replaced ACD as the standard preservative for blood storage
Gibson
1957
Discovered ABO blood groups.
Identification of three blood groups, A, B, O.
Karl Landsteiner
Austrian immunologist
1901
Discovered the fourth blood group, AB.
Former students of Landsteiner
Alfred Decastello and
Adriano Sturli
1932
Advocated selecting donors by blood group and crossmatching
Ludvig Hektoen
Demonstrated the importance of compatibility testing in his report of 128 cases of transfusion
Reuben Ottenberg
1913
Proved the inheritance pattern of blood groups
Felix Bernstein
1942
Discovered rhesus Rh blood type.
From his report of post-transfusion hemolysis in a group O patient whi received blood from her blood group O husband.
Philip Levine
1939
Developed Rh immune globulin (RhIg) for the prevention of HDN
Ronald Fisher
1944
Described the use of antihuman globulin (Coombs Test) to identify incomplete antibodies
Robin Coombs Arthur Mourant Rob Race English veterinary surgeon and physicians 1945
It has a double-walled funnel which the outer compartment was filled with warm water
James Blundell impellor
Used an equally complex device.
The donor was lanced multiple times and had his capillary blood extracted.
Gesellius
Simpler method for direct blood transfusion.
They used two silver cannulas and inserted one each to the recipient and donor, with a rubber tubing with a compressible bulb in the middle to sustain the flow.
James Aveling
Was first to successfully carry out vein to vein transfusion of blood by using multiple syringes and a special cannula for puncturing the vein through the skin
Edward Lindemann
Designed a syringe-valve apparatus transfusion of blood from donor to patient is possible without assistance of a physician
Unger
Proposed use of blood type O to soldiers
Ostwald Robertson
Appointed as first director of the American Red Cross Blood Bank
Dr. Charles Drew
African-American surgeon
