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Bad Blood > BB History > Flashcards

BB History Flashcards

1
Q

Blood baths for physical and spiritual restoration

A

Egyptians and Romans

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2
Q

Drank blood of fallen gladiators in the belief that the blood could transmit vitality

A

Egyptians and Romans

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3
Q

Blood letting is thought to have originated in ___________.

It then spread to ___________.

A

Ancient Egypt; Greece

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4
Q

Postulates that the body is comprised of four humors- blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile - and their imbalance causes disease

A

Hippocrates (Greek physician)

400 BC

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5
Q

Believes that the heart is the central organ of the body; presumes the heart is a three-chambered organ.

A

Aristotle (Greek philosopher)

350 BC

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6
Q

Describes the anatomy of the human body and includes reference to bright and dark blood from separate channels in thebody which interconnect

A

Claudius Galenus, Greek physician

162 AD

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7
Q

Mentions the liver as the origin of blood and the kidney as a filter. Although incorrect in many details, his descriptions formed the basis for all blood circulation studies for centuries

A

Claudius Galenus, Greek physician

162 AD

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8
Q

Earliest recorded transfusion, as a remedy for an apoplectic stroke. The blood of three young boys was, by crude methods, transferred to the pope. Donors and patient leter all died.

A

Pope Innocent VIII

1492

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9
Q

Blood letting was the most popular form of treatment of a vast number of ailments.

A

18th century

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10
Q

Discovered blood circulation

A

William Harvey, English physician

1616

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11
Q

Era of real blood transfusion

A

William Harvey, English physician

1616

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12
Q

Blood contained the soul

A

Huang Di Nei Ching (Chinese)

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13
Q

First successful animal to animal transfusion

Dog to dog

A

Richard Lower

1665

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14
Q

First animal to human blood transfusion
His patient is _________, a 34 year old madman.
Used calf’s blood.
Believed animal blood is purer than human blood.
Patient survived three transfusions but died with poison by his wife.

A

Jean-Baptiste Denis
1667
Antoine Mauroy

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15
Q

Blood was transfused between a young, weakened by continuous blood letting and a lamb. It was a success, but not subsequent experiments that followed.

A

Jean-Baptiste Denis, French physician
And Paul Emmerez, surgeon
June 15, 1667

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16
Q

Made bleeding bowl

A

John Foster of England

1740

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17
Q

Discovered the significance progess in understanding the basis for the incompatibility between species

A

Emil Ponfick and
Leonard Landois
1800

18
Q

Performed and published a set of animal experiments that proved that the donor and recipient must be of the same species

A

John Henry Leacock

1816

19
Q

First successful human to human blood transfusion.

From a woman dying of postpartum (after childbirth) hemorrhage with the blood of her husband

A

James Blundell

1818

20
Q

Experimented with phosphate of soda.
First attempted approach to anticoagulation.
He tried it in four of his patients, none survived.
He recommended Na3PO4

A

Braxton Hicks
Obstetrician
1869

21
Q

Reported the first human to human transfusion using citrated blood

A

Albert Hustin

1914

22
Q

Proved that sodium citrate was effective as an aticoagulant, at a certain percentage (0.2%)
It was not toxic to humans even if 2500 mL of it was transfused

A

Richard Lewisohn

1915

23
Q

Addition of dextrose to citrate would preserve blood up to 2 weeks
It needed a large amount of preservative solution and was difficult to prepare.
This remained as the only anticoagulant used until world war two

A

Thomas Rous and Catherine Turner

1916

24
Q 
Developed acid citrate dextrose (ACD)
Blood can be stored up to 3 weeks
Could be autoclved
Easy to prepare
Require small volume of preservative solution
A

John Freedman Loutit and
Patrick Loudon Mollison
1943

25
Q

Showed glycerol could be used for extending the life span of red cells to 10 years

A

Smith

1950

26
Q

Introduced Citrate Phosphate Dextrose (CPD) and eventually replaced ACD as the standard preservative for blood storage

A

Gibson

1957

27
Q

Discovered ABO blood groups.

Identification of three blood groups, A, B, O.

A

Karl Landsteiner
Austrian immunologist
1901

28
Q

Discovered the fourth blood group, AB.

Former students of Landsteiner

A

Alfred Decastello and
Adriano Sturli

1932

29
Q

Advocated selecting donors by blood group and crossmatching

A

Ludvig Hektoen

30
Q

Demonstrated the importance of compatibility testing in his report of 128 cases of transfusion

A

Reuben Ottenberg

1913

31
Q

Proved the inheritance pattern of blood groups

A

Felix Bernstein

1942

32
Q

Discovered rhesus Rh blood type.

From his report of post-transfusion hemolysis in a group O patient whi received blood from her blood group O husband.

A

Philip Levine

1939

33
Q

Developed Rh immune globulin (RhIg) for the prevention of HDN

A

Ronald Fisher

1944

34
Q

Described the use of antihuman globulin (Coombs Test) to identify incomplete antibodies

A 
Robin Coombs
Arthur Mourant
Rob Race
English veterinary surgeon and physicians
1945
35
Q

It has a double-walled funnel which the outer compartment was filled with warm water

A

James Blundell impellor

36
Q

Used an equally complex device.

The donor was lanced multiple times and had his capillary blood extracted.

A

Gesellius

37
Q

Simpler method for direct blood transfusion.
They used two silver cannulas and inserted one each to the recipient and donor, with a rubber tubing with a compressible bulb in the middle to sustain the flow.

A

James Aveling

38
Q

Was first to successfully carry out vein to vein transfusion of blood by using multiple syringes and a special cannula for puncturing the vein through the skin

A

Edward Lindemann

39
Q

Designed a syringe-valve apparatus transfusion of blood from donor to patient is possible without assistance of a physician

A

Unger

40
Q

Proposed use of blood type O to soldiers

A

Ostwald Robertson

41
Q

Appointed as first director of the American Red Cross Blood Bank

A

Dr. Charles Drew

African-American surgeon

Bad Blood (3 decks)

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