BB Ch30 - Animal Models in Research

Question 1

1. Analogous processes relate

Answer 1

one structure or process to another

Question 2

2. Homologous processes reflect

Answer 2

counterpart genetic sequences

Question 3

5. Animal models characterized by: normal animals with physiologic mechanisms similar to those of humans or abnormal animals that arise naturally through mutation(s) are called:

Answer 3

spontaneous

Question 4

6. Name the common animal model with their disease:
BB Wistar rats
Wantanabe rabbits
New Zealand Black/White mice	
Gunn rat
SCID mice

Answer 4

BB Wistar rats – type I diabetes mellitus
Wantanabe rabbits – hypercholesterolemia
New Zealand Black/White mice – autoimmune disease
Gunn rat – hereditary hyperbilirubinemia
SCID mice – severe combined immunodeficiency

Question 5

9. The assay developed using X. laevis embryos and larvae to document developmental abnormalities associated with environmental chemicals is called:

Answer 5

frog embryo teratogenesis assay: Xenopus (FETAX)

Question 6

10. Oncornavirinae, Lentivirinae, and Spumavirinae are the three subfamilies of:

Answer 6

retroviruses

Question 7

11. This subfamily of virus is known to infect and cause cancer in multiple species:

Answer 7

ocornavirinae

Question 8

13. This species has been used extensively for studies in development because their embryos are transparent, each clutch contains 50-100 embryos, and they are amenable to large-scale mutagenesis:

Answer 8

zebrafish

Question 9

15. A variety of _________ have been developed to control the expression of transferred genes in transgenic animals.

Answer 9

promoters

Question 10

17. Mice cloned from embryonic stem cells rather than from the low-passage primary cell cultures used in the past show

Answer 10

mitochondiral heterogeneity

Question 11

18. The nematode in which multiple induced mutations were found to extend life span is:

Answer 11

Caenorhabditis elegans

Question 12

19. Decrease in DNA telomere length and accumulation of extrachromasomal rDNA circles has been associated with

Answer 12

aging/decrease in lifespan

Question 13

20. Mutations for the gene for this protein have been found in human families with familial Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 13

amyloid precursor protein

Question 14

23. He perceived the defects inherent in the scholastic method practiced before him and set the tenets for what would become hypothesis testing.

Answer 14

Francis Bacon

Question 15

26. Serendipity contributes to important discoveries: the cause of beriberi was discovered to be a deficiency of this vitamin after chickens fed polished boiled rice developed a similar condition.

Answer 15

thiamin

Question 16

28. This method for predicting protein function looks for the correlation of protein inheritance across species.

Answer 16

phylogenetic profiling

Question 17

29. This method for predicting protein function looks for correlation of protein domains across species.

Answer 17

Rosetta stone method

Question 18

32. True scientific inquiry began in which country?

Answer 18

Greece

Question 19

34. Pasteur developed the first vaccine against what disease?

Answer 19

rabies

Question 20

35. Robert Koch developed what substance to identify infected animals and people?

Answer 20

tuberculin

Question 21

39. The organisms that were amongst the first to have its entire genome sequenced was:

Answer 21

E. coli
yeast
Drosophila melanogaster

Question 22

40. The standard tuberculin skin test was one of the first demonstrations of

Answer 22

cellular immunity

Question 23

41. Knowledge of what blood factor has allowed the treatment of erythroblastosis fetalis (hemolytic disease of the newborn)?

Answer 23

Rh factor

Question 24

42. The site of antibody-producing B cells in the chick is

Answer 24

bursa of Fabricias

Question 25

43. The concept that early antigen exposure prevents the immune system from recognizing the antigen later as foreign is referred to as

Answer 25

acquired immunological tolerance

Question 26

44. The genetic locus important in allograft rejection is referred to as

Answer 26

major histocompatibility locus (MHC)

Question 27

45. This cell, discovered in the 1960s, was later found to mediate graft rejection, modulate antibody synthesis, and directly participate in the eradication of infectious agents and cancer:

Answer 27

T cell

Question 28

46. Cells presenting MHC II molecules stimulate

Answer 28

CD4 cells

Question 29

47. Cells presenting antigen together with MHC I molecules stimulate

Answer 29

CD 8 cells

Question 30

48. SCID mouse immunodeficiency is due to a mutation in which gene?

Answer 30

rag1

Question 31

49. Acute allograft rejection is mediated by

Answer 31

CD4 & CD8 cells

Question 32

50. Apoptosis and immune tolerance are linked through the activation of immuno-regulatory mechanisms mediated by

Answer 32

inhibitory cytokines

Question 33

51. Based on new immunologic knowledge, experimental applications of vaccines are also being developed for

Answer 33

autoimmune diseases & cancer

Question 34

52. Genotyping family members at risk to identify candidates for disease before symptoms and using certain autoantigens, when delivered by oral route, to induce tolerance are strategies developed to combat

Answer 34

autoimmune diseases

Question 35

53. Levamisole, developed as a cattle wormer, is now used together with 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of

Answer 35

colon cancer

Question 36

54. Ivermectin, developed as a preventative for heartworm disease in dogs, is now being used to treat people for

Answer 36

onchocerciasis (river blindness)