BB AALA Ch20 Flashcards
- The Order Anura in the Class Amphibia refers to what type of animals?
frogs and toads
- The Order Caudata in the Class Amphibia refers to what type of animals?
salamanders
- What is the term used to describe organisms that rely on external heat sources to generate adequate body temperatures for metabolic processes?
poikilothermic
- What temperature range is best for temperate frogs?
20-25 degrees C
- What temperature range is best for tropical frogs?
25-30 degrees C
- What characteristics are unique about the larvae of Xenopus and Ambystoma tigrinum?
They have both gills and lungs
- Which characteristics are unique about the plethodontid salamanders?
They have neither gills nor lungs
- What anatomical feature is responsible for driving respiration in amphibians?
buccopharyngeal cavity
- Caution should be used when intubating amphibains because the trachea of most amphibians is:
short
- What are the two basic types of skin glands in amphibians?
mucous and granular
- What type(s) of substances are secreted by granular glands?
cardiotoxins
neurotoxins
pheromones
- True or False: Amphibains need not be fasted before anesthesia because they cannot vomit.
False
- How long should larger, vertebrate eating amphibians be fasted?
7 days
- What type of anesthesia is preferred for most amphibian species?
Immersion anesthesia
- True or False: Hypothermia is no longer considered an adequate method of anesthesia in amphibians.
True
- What should be considered when handling amphibians?
1) gloves should worn to prevent secreted toxins from affecting the handler
2) gloves should worn to prevent damage to delicate amphibian skin
3) do not hold by the tail because of autonomy - tail breakage
- What is/are unacceptable route(s) of injection in amphibians?
subcutaneous
- Which is the preferred agent for immersion anesthesia?
MS-222
- When dissolved in water, MS-222 creates a(n) _______ solution.
acidic
- How often should stock solutions of MS-222 be changed?
monthly
- How does Benzocaine compare to MS-222?
less soluble in water than MS-222
narrower margin of safety
more potent than MS-222
- True or False: The analgesic properties of clove oil mimic those of MS-222.
False
- True or False: Propofol can induce sedation or light aneshesia, but not a plane of surgical anesthesia.
True
- True or False: Tiletamine-zolazepam is reliable as an anesthetic agent in frogs.
False
- Which species require higher doses of topical isoflurane?
toads
- Concentrations of immersion anesthesia should be _____ in larval than adult amphibians.
lower
- True or False: Depression of motor reflexes associated with administration of opioids and alpha-2 adrenergics in mammals has not been observed in amphibians.
True
- What is the receptor activity of morphine and buprenorphine?
Morphine a true opioid agonist at mu receptor
Buprenorphine is partial mu agonist
- What are the 4 basic behaviors amphibians demonstrate to painful stimuli?
startle
escape
vocalization
rubbing, wiping, biting at the source of pain
- Describe the receptor activity of butorphanol.
partial opiate agonist/antagonist
agonist at kappa and sigma receptors
antagonist at mu receptors
