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AS History - Wars of the Roses > Battles 1459-61 > Flashcards

Battles 1459-61 Flashcards

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1
Q

when was St. Albans 1?

A

22 may 1455

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2
Q

how big were the two armies at St. Albans 1?

A

Yorkist army = 3000

King’s army = 2-3,000

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3
Q

who died at st. albans 1?

A

somerset, Northumberland and clifford

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4
Q

who was captured at St. Albans 1?

A

Buckingham and king

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5
Q

how many deaths at St. Albans 1?

A

100 - mainly Lancs

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6
Q

when was Blore Heath?

A

23 sept 1459

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7
Q

what happened at blore heath?

A

Salisbury confronted by lords Audley and Dudley and a force of 9-10,000 men

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8
Q

who had shadowed salisbury?

A

duke of Somerset from middleham to Yorkshire

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9
Q

what was the result of blore heath?

A

Salisbury attacked audley and Dudley and defeated them

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10
Q

who was killed and captured at blore heath?

A

Audley killed and Dudley captured

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11
Q

how many deaths at blore heath?

A

2000 lancs died

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12
Q

when was Ludford bridge?

A

12-13 oct 1459

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13
Q

who met at ludlow castle?

A

salisbury, Warwick and York

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14
Q

he defected in the night at ludford bridge?

A

Andrew Trollope led calais garrison across from Yorkists to Lancastrians - left Yorkists severely outnumbered

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15
Q

where did the Yorkists flee after Ludford bridge?

A
  • Warwick, salisbury and ed, earl of march went to Calais

- York went to Ireland

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16
Q

when was battle of Northampton?

A

10 July 1460

17
Q

how did the weather affect the battle at Northampton?

A
  • pouring rain prevented the Lancs from discharging their artillery
  • sodden grounder and slippery entrenchments hampered Yorkist progress
18
Q

who was killed at Northampton? who was taken prisoner?

A
  • buckingham, beaufort, egremont and Shrewsbury killed

- king taken prisoner

19
Q

when was battle of Wakefield?

A

30 dec 1460

20
Q

what were the number at Wakefield?

A
  • york had force of 6,000 men

- Lancs had 18,000 men

21
Q

how did the Lancastrians dupe York at Wakefield?

A
  • introduced 400 of most able soldiers into Yorkists camp under guise of reinforcements
  • arrived under Sir Andrew Trollope
22
Q

how many Yorkists died at Wakefield?

A

2000

23
Q

who was killed at Wakefield?

A
  • york killed
  • edmund, earl of rutland killed by Lord Clifford
  • earl of salisbury executed
24
Q

when was Mortimer’s cross?

A

2/3 feb 1461

25
Q

what strange phenomenon appeared at Mortimer’s cross? how did ed take advantage of it?

A
  • parhelia appeared in sky - an atmospheric condition that appears to show 3 suns
  • since one of Ed’s badges was the sun, he took this as a sing from god of impending victory
  • gave a rousing speech to his men declaring this
26
Q

how many Lancs died at mortimer’s cross?

A

3000 lancs died

27
Q

when was St. Albans 2?

A

17 feb 1461

28
Q

who was in Yorkist force at St. Albans 2?

A

Warwick, duke of Norfolk, earls of Arundel and Suffolk and Lord Fauconberg

29
Q

how did the weather affect st. albans 2?

A
  • weather worsened so archers couldn’t fire effectively in snow storm
  • artillery Warwick had brought was ineffective in foul weather
30
Q

who won at St. Albans 2?

A

lancs - Warwick had to retreat

31
Q

how many men were at Towton?

A

20-30,000 on each side

32
Q

how did Yorkists bait Lancs at Towton?

A
  • Yorkists fired 1 volley of arrows, lancs fired 7 volleys back
  • all of them fell short
  • Yorkists picked them up and attacked
33
Q

who provided crucial reinforcements at Towton?

A

Warwick brought swells of men from midlands who won the battle

34
Q

how many died at Towton?

A

20,000 Lancs died and 8,000 Yorkists dead

35
Q

which Lancastrians died at Towton?

A

Andrew Trollope, Northumberland, Wiltshire and Devon

AS History - Wars of the Roses (11 decks)

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