Battles 1459-61 Flashcards
when was St. Albans 1?
22 may 1455
how big were the two armies at St. Albans 1?
Yorkist army = 3000
King’s army = 2-3,000
who died at st. albans 1?
somerset, Northumberland and clifford
who was captured at St. Albans 1?
Buckingham and king
how many deaths at St. Albans 1?
100 - mainly Lancs
when was Blore Heath?
23 sept 1459
what happened at blore heath?
Salisbury confronted by lords Audley and Dudley and a force of 9-10,000 men
who had shadowed salisbury?
duke of Somerset from middleham to Yorkshire
what was the result of blore heath?
Salisbury attacked audley and Dudley and defeated them
who was killed and captured at blore heath?
Audley killed and Dudley captured
how many deaths at blore heath?
2000 lancs died
when was Ludford bridge?
12-13 oct 1459
who met at ludlow castle?
salisbury, Warwick and York
he defected in the night at ludford bridge?
Andrew Trollope led calais garrison across from Yorkists to Lancastrians - left Yorkists severely outnumbered
where did the Yorkists flee after Ludford bridge?
- Warwick, salisbury and ed, earl of march went to Calais
- York went to Ireland
when was battle of Northampton?
10 July 1460
how did the weather affect the battle at Northampton?
- pouring rain prevented the Lancs from discharging their artillery
- sodden grounder and slippery entrenchments hampered Yorkist progress
who was killed at Northampton? who was taken prisoner?
- buckingham, beaufort, egremont and Shrewsbury killed
- king taken prisoner
when was battle of Wakefield?
30 dec 1460
what were the number at Wakefield?
- york had force of 6,000 men
- Lancs had 18,000 men
how did the Lancastrians dupe York at Wakefield?
- introduced 400 of most able soldiers into Yorkists camp under guise of reinforcements
- arrived under Sir Andrew Trollope
how many Yorkists died at Wakefield?
2000
who was killed at Wakefield?
- york killed
- edmund, earl of rutland killed by Lord Clifford
- earl of salisbury executed
when was Mortimer’s cross?
2/3 feb 1461
what strange phenomenon appeared at Mortimer’s cross? how did ed take advantage of it?
- parhelia appeared in sky - an atmospheric condition that appears to show 3 suns
- since one of Ed’s badges was the sun, he took this as a sing from god of impending victory
- gave a rousing speech to his men declaring this
how many Lancs died at mortimer’s cross?
3000 lancs died
when was St. Albans 2?
17 feb 1461
who was in Yorkist force at St. Albans 2?
Warwick, duke of Norfolk, earls of Arundel and Suffolk and Lord Fauconberg
how did the weather affect st. albans 2?
- weather worsened so archers couldn’t fire effectively in snow storm
- artillery Warwick had brought was ineffective in foul weather
who won at St. Albans 2?
lancs - Warwick had to retreat
how many men were at Towton?
20-30,000 on each side
how did Yorkists bait Lancs at Towton?
- Yorkists fired 1 volley of arrows, lancs fired 7 volleys back
- all of them fell short
- Yorkists picked them up and attacked
who provided crucial reinforcements at Towton?
Warwick brought swells of men from midlands who won the battle
how many died at Towton?
20,000 Lancs died and 8,000 Yorkists dead
which Lancastrians died at Towton?
Andrew Trollope, Northumberland, Wiltshire and Devon
