1461-64 Flashcards
what ed do at the parl in 1461?
- attained 13 peers and other Lancastrian gentry
- used these lands to give patronage to supporters
who did Edward strengthen?
those who had been loyal to him
what lands did Warwick gain?
his lands incorporated estates of Beauchamp, Despenser, Montagu, Neville, Percy and Clifford families
how was Montagu rewarded by Ed?
rewarded with Earl of Northumberland and extensive Percy lands in 1464
what did ed do with France in oct 1463?
conducted truce with Louis XI - meaning he stopped providing aid for Lancastrians
what did Ed do with Scotland in December 1463?
- negotiated settlement with James III of Scotland
- made permanent in March 1464
- left Henry VI and MofA isolated as no longer welcome in Scotland
what was one of Ed’s key policies in his first reign?
reconciliation
was Ed’s policy of reconciliation successful?
No. staunch Lancastrian just turned back to helping MofA
who did ed pardon in 1462?
Sir Ralph Percy
what did Percy do in April 1463?
handed over Dustanburgh and Bamburgh castles to Lancs
who briefly pledged allegiance to Ed (Lancastrian)?
duke of Somerset
what ddi Somerset do in April 1464?
rebelled and encouraged Lancastrian uprisings in Cheshire, Lancashire and Wales
what happened in winter 1462/63?
ed fell ill to Warwick was given control
how did Warwick quell some Lancastrian resistance in winter 1462?
Yorkists force starved Dustinburgh and Banburgh castles into surrendering on Christmas Eve 1462
what happened in July 1463?
James III commanded a large force that lay siege to Norham on the Tweed
how did Edward react to James III’s attack in 1463?
- ed was moving too slowly so Warwick + Montagu put flight to Scots army
- led to short raid into Scotland
at which battles did montagu play a crucial role?
hedgeley moor and Hexham
what happened that triggered hedgeley moor?
- Montagu was ambushed by Lancs near Newcastle
- Montagu managed to reach Newcastle and get extra troops
when was Hedgeley Moor?
25 April 1464
what happened at Hedgeley Moor?
Yorkists crushed Lancs
who was killed at Hedgeley Moor?
Sir Ralph Percy
when was Hexham?
15 may 1464
what happened just before the battle at Hedgeley Moor?
Lords Roos and Hungerford fled before the battle - leaving Percy and his men isolated
what was the outcome of Hexham?
Yorkists routed Lancs
who died at Hexham?
Somerset, Lords Roos and Hungerford, Sir William Tailboys all executed
what Margaret attempt to do in November 1462? was she successful?
tried to raise some support - failed to get much local support
where did Margaret flee to? why?
heard of incoming royal army so decided to flee to Berwick
what happened to Margaret on her journey to Berwick?
- storms battered her ships
- she eventually made it to Scotland
- but much of her force was driven ashore and butchered by King’s men
what agreement did Margaret secure with France? when?
- 24 June 1462
- made secret Chinon pact w/ Louis XI
- only managed to get 800 troops
