1461-64

Question 1

what ed do at the parl in 1461?

Answer 1

• attained 13 peers and other Lancastrian gentry

- used these lands to give patronage to supporters

Question 2

who did Edward strengthen?

Answer 2

those who had been loyal to him

Question 3

what lands did Warwick gain?

Answer 3

his lands incorporated estates of Beauchamp, Despenser, Montagu, Neville, Percy and Clifford families

Question 4

how was Montagu rewarded by Ed?

Answer 4

rewarded with Earl of Northumberland and extensive Percy lands in 1464

Question 5

what did ed do with France in oct 1463?

Answer 5

conducted truce with Louis XI - meaning he stopped providing aid for Lancastrians

Question 6

what did Ed do with Scotland in December 1463?

Answer 6

• negotiated settlement with James III of Scotland
• made permanent in March 1464
• left Henry VI and MofA isolated as no longer welcome in Scotland

Question 7

what was one of Ed’s key policies in his first reign?

Answer 7

reconciliation

Question 8

was Ed’s policy of reconciliation successful?

Answer 8

No. staunch Lancastrian just turned back to helping MofA

Question 9

who did ed pardon in 1462?

Answer 9

Sir Ralph Percy

Question 10

what did Percy do in April 1463?

Answer 10

handed over Dustanburgh and Bamburgh castles to Lancs

Question 11

who briefly pledged allegiance to Ed (Lancastrian)?

Answer 11

duke of Somerset

Question 12

what ddi Somerset do in April 1464?

Answer 12

rebelled and encouraged Lancastrian uprisings in Cheshire, Lancashire and Wales

Question 13

what happened in winter 1462/63?

Answer 13

ed fell ill to Warwick was given control

Question 14

how did Warwick quell some Lancastrian resistance in winter 1462?

Answer 14

Yorkists force starved Dustinburgh and Banburgh castles into surrendering on Christmas Eve 1462

Question 15

what happened in July 1463?

Answer 15

James III commanded a large force that lay siege to Norham on the Tweed

Question 16

how did Edward react to James III’s attack in 1463?

Answer 16

• ed was moving too slowly so Warwick + Montagu put flight to Scots army
• led to short raid into Scotland

Question 17

at which battles did montagu play a crucial role?

Answer 17

hedgeley moor and Hexham

Question 18

what happened that triggered hedgeley moor?

Answer 18

• Montagu was ambushed by Lancs near Newcastle

- Montagu managed to reach Newcastle and get extra troops

Question 19

when was Hedgeley Moor?

Answer 19

25 April 1464

Question 20

what happened at Hedgeley Moor?

Answer 20

Yorkists crushed Lancs

Question 21

who was killed at Hedgeley Moor?

Answer 21

Sir Ralph Percy

Question 22

when was Hexham?

Answer 22

15 may 1464

Question 23

what happened just before the battle at Hedgeley Moor?

Answer 23

Lords Roos and Hungerford fled before the battle - leaving Percy and his men isolated

Question 24

what was the outcome of Hexham?

Answer 24

Yorkists routed Lancs

Question 25

who died at Hexham?

Answer 25

Somerset, Lords Roos and Hungerford, Sir William Tailboys all executed

Question 26

what Margaret attempt to do in November 1462? was she successful?

Answer 26

tried to raise some support - failed to get much local support

Question 27

where did Margaret flee to? why?

Answer 27

heard of incoming royal army so decided to flee to Berwick

Question 28

what happened to Margaret on her journey to Berwick?

Answer 28

• storms battered her ships
• she eventually made it to Scotland
• but much of her force was driven ashore and butchered by King’s men

Question 29

what agreement did Margaret secure with France? when?

Answer 29

• 24 June 1462
• made secret Chinon pact w/ Louis XI
• only managed to get 800 troops