Battle of Gallipoli Flashcards
What was the purpose of the Battle at Gallipoli?
To assist in British naval operations, control the Dardanelles for Russia and the Triple Entente, and force Turkey out of the war by also capturing the capital, Constantinople.
What battles did Australian troops also engage in?
The Battle of Lone Pine- the ANZACS created a diversion for Allies to land at Sulva Bay and threaten High Ridges
The Battle of Nek- Australian Lighthorse troops attempt to storm the ridges to capture the Turkish position, with the assistance of naval bombardment. This failed and resulted in the troops being hailed by machine gun fire.
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
It was a treaty signed by Germany, formally ending the war on June 28th,1919. It was a controversial armistice treaty that forced Germany and other Central Powers to take all the blame from WW1, as well as pay reparations.
How did Russia exit the war?
After Tsar Nicholas II abdicated his throne due to political pressure, Vladimir Lenin and the communist party signed a Peace Treaty with the Central Powers, allowing their exit on March 1918.
When did WW1 start and end?
Started- on 28th July 1914, and ended- on 11th of November 1918, with an armistice announced by Germany.
Explain the 4 main long-term causes of WW1:
The 4 main long term causes of WW1 are:
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism.
Militarism- the belief that a nation should hold a strong military capacity. An example of this is the Arms Race between Britain and Germany, with Britain having the upper hand on naval advancements, such as the HMS.
Alliances- the strategic military agreement between nations to help each other in war. There were 2 main alliances during WW1, the Triple Entente (France, Britain, and Russia), and the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy, which remained neutral during that period).
Imperialism- the expansion of one’s territorial influence to establish greater power and economic connections. By the 1900s, France, Britain, and Germany had large overseas trade empires. Austria-Hungary hoped to expand into the Balkans, hence the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
Nationalism- the feeling of extreme loyalty to one’s nation-state, and willingness to promote the nation’s interests. By 1914, many citizens of newly formed nations and nations states, such as Bosnia, Germany and France, wanted to represent their country in war to defend their interests.
What is an armistice?
It is an agreement/treaty between warring nations to stop fighting. Also known as the cessation of battle.
What is Australia’s contribution to Western Front?
Australia supported the Allies with an offensive plan made by Sir General John Monash, which broke the stalemate in 1918 and allowed a series of Major German and Allied Offensives come into play.
How did the USA contribute to WWI?
During the battle at Western Front, General Erich Ludendorff devised a strategic plan known as the Ludendorff Offensive, which allowed submarine attacks on merchant and passenger ships in 1917, allowing the USA to enter the war due to a violation of Woodrow Wilson’s (U.S. president’s) 14-point-plan. They arrived to assist at Western Front in the Summer of 1918, by which it was inferred that Germany would lose the war.
Why did WW1 start?
Serbia did not comply to the 10 demands issued by Austria-Hungaria, thus resulting in them using it as an excuse for war.
How did the Balkan War expand into World War 1?
Through alliances- Germany claimed that they will support Austria-Hungary with a “blank cheque”, and Russia said they would be involved if Serbia was threatened.
Who assassinated Austro-Hungarian Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian nationalist and member of black-hand, who believed that they should serve the nation’s interests.
Define Autocracy.
Autocracy is a system of government ruled by one person with absolute power. An example of this is the Tsari Autocracy, which ruled Russia during WW1.
Explain how WWI ended.
Tsar Nicholas II abdicated his thrones, which put Vladimir Lenin and the communist party in power. They chose to sign a Peace Treaty with Germany, allowing them to exit the war. Meanwhile, USA’s entry to the Western Front battle on the Allies’ side tipped the favor, resulting in the deterioration of the Central Powers as well as the Ludendorff Offensive. Germany knew they were fighting a losing war, and declared an armistice on November 11th, 1918. This led to the Treaty of Versailles, a product of negotiation between the “Big Four” - the UK, France, Italy, and the USA, and Germany was accused of the “War Guilt Clause” on June 28th, 1919.
Name 3 reasons why Australians fought in AIF.
Familial and cultural ties with Mother England, pride in a newly formed nation (nationalist) and the prospect of seeing the rest of the world, such as Europe.
