Battle of Chaeronea & the League of Corinth, Olympias of Epirus, & Death of Philip Flashcards
1
Q
what was the Battle of Chaeronea (338 BCE) & its outcome?
A
- Thebes & Athens (and allies) vs. Macedon
- Greeks worried Macedonians would compromise Athenian grain route along Black Sea
- ends in Macedonian hegemony over Greece (except for Sparta)
2
Q
what was Philip’s
role in the Battle of
Chaeronea
A
- captured Athenian fleet stationed at Black Sea → sparked grain route concern
- fought on the right (sign of prestige)
- in charge of infantry
3
Q
what was Alexander’s
role in the Battle of
Chaeronea
A
- he was first to break Greek lines (on horseback [controversial])
- in charge of cavalry (wedge-formation)
- fought on the left
wedge formation comes to a point
4
Q
what was the League
of Corinth & its purpose?
A
- alliance of Greek states
- united Greece under Macedonian hegemony
- mostly voluntary but Athens & Thebes were forced
- framed as peace alliance but percieved as a state of slavery by Sparta
5
Q
Philip’s treatment of ‘allies’ in the
League of Corinth
A
- allowed autonomy
- had to contribute troops to Philip’s campaigns
- inter-Greek warfare banned
- crushed opposition (Thebes)
- framed himself as the leader of a Panhellenic war against Persia
6
Q
what is the Philippeion & its purpose?
A
- circular shrine built by Philip after victory at Battle of Chaeronea (338 BCE)
- built to celebrate Philip’s dominance over Greece
- built at the Altis (sacred precinct) of Olympia
- gold & ivory statues of royal family members (Philip, Olympia, Alexander, etc.) & Olympian gods
- used to reinforce the idea that the Argeads descended from the gods
7
Q
who was Olympias of Epirus?
A
- wife of Philip II
- mother of Alexander
- royal lineage tied to Achillies & Priam
- marriage marks alliance b/w Epirus & Macedon
- suspected involvement in Philip’s assassination
8
Q
who was Attalus?
A
- Macedonian nobleman & trusted general under Philip
- father of Cleopatra (Philip’s last wife)
- insulted Alexander at Cleopatra’s wedding → claimed he was illegitimate & his daughters kids would be true heirs
- led to brief exile of Alexander (Illyria) & Olympias (Epirus)
9
Q
who was Pausanias?
A
- Philip’s former lover
- assassinated Philip bc he was mad that his sexual assult had been ignored
- conspiracy that Olympia orchestrated it
- Alexander may have known → feared a rival heir from marrige to Cleopatra
- Pausanias angry that his sexual abuse had been ingnored
